Walter Breuning, American supercentenarian, world's third oldest man ever died he was , 114

 Walter Breuning  was an American supercentenarian died he was , 114. He was the last known surviving man who was born in 1896. Breuning is the oldest undisputed American-born man on record. He became the third oldest undisputed man ever on March 30, 2011, and is one of the 40 undisputed oldest people ever. He was the last verified American man born in the 19th Century. He is currently the oldest person who has died in 2011.

(September 21, 1896 – April 14, 2011)

Biography

Walter Breuning was born in Melrose, Minnesota. He was the son of John Breuning and Cora Morehouse Breuning, and had two brothers and two sisters.^[1] In 1901 when he was 5, his family moved to De Smet, South Dakota, where he went to school for nine years until his family broke up in 1910. Breuning referred to this time as "the dark ages", as his family lived without electricity, water, or plumbing, describing it as "carry the water in, heat it on the stove. That's what you took your bath in. Wake up in the dark, go to bed in the dark. That's not very pleasant".^[2] Apart from his parents who died at 50 and 46, longevity runs in Breuning's family. His paternal and maternal grandparents lived into their 90s and his siblings lived to ages 78, 85, 91 and 100. His only surviving family are 1 niece and 3 nephews all now in their 80s, plus great nieces and nephews. ^[3]
In 1910 aged 14, Breuning dropped out of school and began scraping bakery pans for $2.50 weekly.^[4] He joined the Great Northern Railway in 1913, working for it for more than fifty years. During his early years, Breuning commented that he would have to hide from owner James J. Hill, as Hill did not want any railroad employees under the age of 18 (Breuning was first hired at age 17).^[5] Breuning worked for the Great Northern Railway until age 66, and was also a manager/secretary for the local Shriner's club until age 99.^[6] During World War I, he signed up for military service, but was never called up. When World War II broke out, he was too old to serve. He moved to Montana in 1918, where he continued working as a clerk for the Great Northern Railway. There, he met Agnes Twokey, a telegraph operator from Butte. He was married to her from 1922 until her death in 1957. They had no children and Breuning was believed to have never married again, as he stated that "Second marriages never work; even first marriages don't work today.”^[7] However, after his death, a marriage certificate was located, revealing that he married Margaret Vanest on Oct. 5, 1958.^[8] Margaret Breuning died Jan. 15, 1975.^[9]
Breuning was a Freemason, and a member of Great Falls Lodge No. 118, Great Falls, Montana, for over 85 years. He held the 33rd Degree of the Scottish Rite, and was a Shriner.^[10][11]

In later years

Breuning lived at the Rainbow Retirement and Assisted Living Center in Great Falls, Montana for 32 years, moving in when it was 'The Rainbow Hotel' in 1979 when he was 83. The Rainbow Hotel turned into Rainbow Assisted Living Center in 1996. ^[12] Each year starting with his 100th, The Rainbow held a Birthday Party for Breuning. As he became older and especially after gaining the title of Oldest Living Man in July 2009 the world media flocked to these occasions, if only to hear Breuning's annual birthday speech. ^[13]
Breuning was a lifelong cigar smoker, but quit in 1995 when he was 99, saying they had become too expensive. ^[14]. However, at the age of 108 he briefly started smoking again, encouraged by gifts of cigars from as far away as London. ^[15] Breuning retained a sharp memory, for example, he could remember his grandfather talking about his experiences in the American Civil War when he was three years old, and remembered the day President William McKinley was shot as the day "I got my first haircut".^[16]
On his 112th birthday, Breuning said the secret to long life is being active: "If you keep your mind busy and keep your body busy, you're going to be around a long time."^[12]
Breuning dressed in a suit and tie every day. On April 24, 2009, at the age of 112, Breuning was interviewed on CBS by Steve Hartman for Assignment America. When asked by Hartman if he would do a second CBS interview in four years, Breuning said, "Well hell you sure can!"^[17]

Public events

On his 110th birthday, in September 2006, Breuning was declared the oldest living retired railroader in the United States. The Governor of Montana, Brian Schweitzer, and the city mayor attended his celebration.
On February 16, 2009, Breuning made an appearance on the News Hour with Jim Lehrer, giving his views about the current state of the economy and the newly elected president. Breuning said that the first president he ever voted for was Woodrow Wilson, and that the most memorable news item he ever heard about in his life was the stock market crash of 1929. He also described life during the Great Depression.^[18]
On April 24, 2009, Breuning was the focus of a segment done by Steve Hartman's "Assignment America" on the CBS Evening News.^[19] and on September 21, 2009, he was the focus of another such segment.^[20] During his 113th birthday celebrations, Breuning said: "Remember that life's length is not measured by its hours and days, but by that which we have done therein. A useless life is short if it lasts a century. There are greater and better things in us all, if we would find them out. There will always be in this world - wrongs. No wrong is really successful. The day will come when light and truth and the just and the good shall be victorious and wrong as evil will be no more forever."
The BNSF Railway named the west end of its new Broadview Subdivision, where it meets the ex-Great Northern Laurel Subdivision near Broadview, Montana, Walter Junction after Breuning. He was present at the dedication of the new line, which serves the Signal Peak Mine, on September 2, 2009.^[21]
On February 25, 2010, Breuning was honored by Montana Ambassadors for shining a spotlight on the state of Montana.^[22]

Health history and habits

Around the age of 64, Breuning was diagnosed with colon cancer. It was successfully treated and did not return. Breuning did not have any other health issues until he broke his hip at the age of 108. He spent eight days in the hospital and was totally healed in 21 days.^[23]. In November 2007 at the age of 111, Breuning was fitted with hearing aids. The week before his 113th birthday in September 2009, Breuning fell and bruised his scalp, but was otherwise unhurt.^[24] Breuning was in excellent health, walking unaided and refusing to use the elevator to reach his second floor apartment until he broke his hip. ^[25] He then walked with a walker until his 114th birthday, when he started to frequently use his motorised scooter to get around. He remained in excellent health until his 114th year when his health began to slowly decline. During this time Breuning visibly aged, but didn't lose his very sharp mind.
Breuning attributed much of his longevity to his diet. Shortly after his wife died, Breuning started eating out at restaurants. Eventually, he stopped eating out, but continued eating two meals a day. He ate a big breakfast and a hearty lunch but skipped an evening meal, snacking on fruit instead. Breuning drank lots of water through the day plus a cup and a half of coffee with breakfast and one cup with lunch. He got up every day at 6:15 a.m. and had breakfast at 7:30 a.m. He then took a stroll around The Rainbow for exercise and could then be found sitting in the lobby chatting with fellow residents and his many visitors. Breuning would retire to his room in mid-afternoon to listen to radio and when his vision allowed him, read the newspaper and his many letters received from people from all over the world.
His weight was around the same for the last 50 years of his life, 125–130 pounds (57–59 kg). Because Breuning was 5 feet 8 inches (1.73 m), his body mass index was around 19.^[26][27] For years Breuning took a baby aspirin everyday, but he eventually gave that up stating that he didn't need it, from there on he took no medication. ^[28] Breuning believed another key to his longevity was keeping his mind and body active, not retiring until the age of 99 and until very recently doing calisthenics every morning. Though his vision didn't allow him to read anymore, Breuning kept his mind active by listening to the radio.
On March 31, 2011, Breuning was hospitalized for an unspecified illness. The Governor of Montana, Brian Schweitzer, visited Breuning in the hospital on April 6 and 8, 2011.^[29][30]

Death

In an interview with the Associated Press in autumn 2010, Breuning admitted to always embracing change – especially death. "We're all going to die. Some people are scared of dying. Never be afraid to die. Because you're born to die," he said.^[31]
Breuning died of natural causes in a Great Falls hospital on April 14, 2011. ^[32] He had been hospitalized since the beginning of the month with an undisclosed illness. At the time of his death, he was the 3rd oldest living person.
Before he died, Breuning shared a prayer with his pastor. He said "Talked to him this morning. Reminded him of our agreement." His pastor asked what the agreement was. He said "If I'm not going to get better, I'm supposed to go now." ^[33]

Longevity records

• On September 23, 2006, Breuning, aged 110 years, 2 days, was added to the Gerontology Research Group list for Guinness World Records.
• On December 27, 2008, George Francis died; Breuning, aged 112 years, 97 days, became the oldest living verified man in the United States.
• On July 18, 2009, Henry Allingham died; Breuning, aged 112 years, 300 days, became the oldest living verified man in the world.
• On November 19, 2009, Chiyo Shiraishi died and Breuning entered the list of the 10 oldest living people in the world.
• On June 23, 2010, Breuning, aged 113 years, 275 days, became one of the 10 verified oldest men ever.
• On September 11, 2010, Breuning, aged 113 years, 355 days, surpassed Fred Hale to become the oldest undisputed American-born male ever.
• On September 21, 2010, Breuning became the 5th undisputed recorded man in history to reach the age of 114.
• On September 30, 2010, Breuning, aged 114 years, 9 days, became the oldest person ever to be born in the state of Minnesota.
• On January 31, 2011, Eunice Sanborn died; Breuning, aged 114 years, 132 days, became the 3rd oldest living person in the world.
• On March 23, 2011, Breuning, aged 114 years, 183 days, became one of the 50 verified oldest people ever.
• On March 30, 2011, Breuning, aged 114 years, 190 days, surpassed Yukichi Chuganji to become the 3rd oldest undisputed man ever.
• On April 14, 2011, Breuning died, aged 114 years, 205 days, as the 43rd verified oldest person and the 3rd oldest undisputed man ever.
• On May 18 2011, Maria Gomes Valentim of Brazil is verified and recognised as the oldest living person, and Walter Breuning was now recognised as the 3rd oldest person since the death of Eunice Sanborn on January 31, 2011, and dying as the 44th verified oldest person

 

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