Mike Campbell, Zimbabwean farmer, challenged Robert Mugabe (Campbell v Zimbabwe), died from complications from torture he was , 78.

 Michael "Mike" Campbell  was a white African farmer from Zimbabwe (formerly Southern Rhodesia/Rhodesia) who rose to international prominence for suing the regime of Robert Mugabe of violating rule of law and human rights in Zimbabwe, in the case of Mike Campbell (Pvt) Ltd and Others v Republic of Zimbabwe died from complications from torture he was , 78.. His struggle was the subject of an award-winning documentary, Mugabe and the White African.

(12 October 1932 - 6 April 2011)

Background

Campbell's family have been farmers in Africa for 300 years. He considered himself to be African.

Mount Carmel

Campbell bought the farm Mount Carmel in 1980, after Zimbabwe's independence. The 3,000-acre farm near Chegutu (Hartley), located 80 miles south-west of Harare, employed around 500 people and was a centre of agriculture, wildlife and tourism. Campbell was an early conservationist, concerned with maintaining the African wildlife.
After Mugabe's invaders took over Campbell's farm, they burnt down the safari lodge and farmstead and killed all the cattle and wildlife on the farm.^[1] Malaria they spread into the region killed 11 workers, and Campbell's pregnant daughter-in-law.^[2]Campbell's hundreds of workers lost their jobs.^[1] Campbells's farm manager and other workers were arrested and tortured by the police after they attempted to defend the farm.^[3][4]

Death

Campbell died in Harare on 6 April 2011 as a result of being severely beaten and tortured by Mugabe's thugs in 2008.^{[5][6][7][8][1]}

 

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Coyote McCloud, American disc jockey died he was , 68.

 Coyote William McCloud (born William Lehmann ) was a popular radio disc jockey in Nashville, Tennessee died he was , 68.. For over 30 years, he was a drive-time personality at several Nashville radio stations. He first became well-known in the early 1970s on WMAK-AM, then a market-dominant rock and roll station, as host of its 7 p.m.–midnight program. He was called "legendary" among DJs.

(August 31, 1942 – April 6, 2011)


McCloud was one of the most controversial deejays of the late 1980s when he was the lead man on "The Zoo Crew" on Nashville's Y107 (WYHY). While enormously popular amongst his target demographic, his outlandish on-air personality drew the ire of many within the community as being a "bad influence" on teenagers. He was one of the subjects of a CBS 48 Hours documentary in 1992 about "shock radio". McCloud enjoyed his highest level of popularity while working for Y107, and had his own fan club.^[2] He worked at the station for over 10 years, from 1984 to 1995. McCloud was featured frequently in Billboard.^[3]

Radio career

Early in his career, he was an afternoon drive personality at WGOW-AM (owned by Ted Turner) in Chattanooga, using the name Bill Scott. In 1976, his recording of "Nitty Gritty Rock and Roll" was released as 45 rpm record on the Midland South label, distributed by RCA. The song included the catch-phrases he used as a nighttime deejay on WQXI in Atlanta.
Early in 1983 while hosting the morning show at Kix 104, McCloud was selected by Country Music Television network founders Glenn D. Daniels and co-founder G. Dean Daniels to be the first on-air "voice" of the network. When CMT (originally called "CMTV") launched on March 5, 1983, McCloud provided the first vocal announcement heard on the network under an animated "CMTV" logo with the words, "You're Watching CMTV...Country Music Television...in stereo." He remained the on-air "voice" of the network from 1983 through 1984.
McCloud also worked at Kix 104 (WWKX) in the early 1980s, Power Country 103 (WZPC) in the mid-1990s, and Oldies 96.3 (WMAK) in the early 2000s. Along with Cathy Martindale, he hosted Coyote & Cathy In The Morning on 96.3 (WMAK FM) and 97.1 WRQQ until late November 2006.

Where's the Beef?

In 1984, McCloud, also a sometime songwriter, wrote a song entitled "Where's the Beef?" as a promotion for Wendy's restaurants' famous advertising campaign featuring Clara Peller.^[4]

Death

Coyote McCloud died of cirrhosis of the liver on April 6, 2011.^[5][6]

 

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Johnny Morris, English footballer died he was , 87.

John "Johnny" Morris was an English former footballer who played as an inside forward in the Football League for Manchester United, Derby County and Leicester City died he was , 87..

(27 September 1923 - 6 April 2011)


Morris was born in Radcliffe, Lancashire.^[3] He started his career as a trainee with Manchester United in 1939, and turned professional in 1941. He guested for clubs including Bolton Wanderers, Charlton Athletic, Wrexham,^[4] and Everton during the Second World War,^[5] and made his debut for Manchester United on 26 October 1946 in a 3–0 home win against Sunderland in the First Division. He helped the club win the 1948 FA Cup,^[6] then, after scoring 35 goals from 93 appearances in all competitions, he was transferred to Derby County in March 1949 for a fee of £24,000.^[4] After three seasons at Derby, he finished his League career with Leicester City, where he made more than 200 appearances, and then became player-manager of non-league club Corby Town.^[3]
Morris was capped three times for England. He scored on his debut, on 18 May 1949 in a 4–1 win against Norway, and scored twice in his second game four days later against France.^[1]

Later life and death

Morris continued to attend functions for the Former Players' Association of Derby County and also played golf regularly into his 80s. He died on 6 April 2011 in a Manchester Nursing home at the age of 87.^[2]

 

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Fritiof S. Sjöstrand, Swedish physician and histologist died he was , 98.

Fritiof Stig Sjöstrand was a Swedish physician and histologist born in Stockholm died he was , 98.. He started his medicial education at Karolinska Institutet in 1933,^[2] where he received his Ph.D. Karolinska Institutet in 1944.

(November 5, 1912 – April 6, 2011)

Sjöstrand worked as an assistant at the department of pharmacology, where he first had used polarization microscopy, he first heard about the new method of electron microscopy in 1938, within which he would become a pioneer. Manne Siegbahn at the Nobel Institute for Physics had planned to build an electron microscope in Sweden, and Sjöstrand got involved in the project to explore its use in medical research. The main challenge was to produce sufficiently thin samples, and Sjöstrand's method for producing ultrathin tissue samples was published in Nature in 1943.^[4] However, it seemed that research based on electron microscopy would be too time-consuming for a Ph.D. thesis, so his 1944 thesis was based on fluorescence spectroscopy. In 1947-1948, he received a scholarship to further study electron microscopy at Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Department of Biology. Back in Sweden, he received funding to build up an electron microscopy research laboratory. In 1959, Sjöstrand was both offered a position as professor of histology at Karolinska Institutet, and as professor at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). He chose UCLA, because conditions for research and funding were better there.^[4]
Sjöstrand founded the Journal of Ultrastructure Research in 1957. Since 1990, the journal is called Journal of Structural Biology.
As of 2008, Sjöstrand was still living in the United States.^[2] Sjöstrand died on April 6, 2011, at the age of 98.

 

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F. Gordon A. Stone, British chemist. died he was , 85

Francis Gordon Albert Stone CBE, FRS, FRSC  was an English chemist who was a prolific and decorated scholar. He specialized in the synthesis of main group and transition metal organometallic compounds. He received his B.A. in 1948 and Ph.D. in 1951, both from Cambridge University, England, where he studied under Harry Julius Emeléus (1903–1993). He was Robert A. Welch Distinguished Professor of Chemistry at Baylor University until 2010, but his most productive period was as head of Inorganic Chemistry at Bristol University (1963-1990), where he published hundreds of papers over the course of 27 years. In research he competed with his contemporary Geoffrey Wilkinson. (May 19, 1925 – April 6, 2011) Among the many foci of his studies were complexes of fluorocarbon, isocyanide, polyolefin, alkylidene and alkylidyne ligands. At Baylor, he maintained a research program on boron hydrides, a lifelong interest.[1] He authored the autobiographic Leaving No Stone Unturned. With Wilkinson, he edited the influential series Comprehensive Organometallic Chemistry. With Robert West, he edited the series Advances in Organometallic Chemistry. The Gordon Stone Lecture series at the University of Bristol is named in his honour[2] Awards Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (1970)[3] Fellow of the Royal Society (1976)[4] Chugaev Medal of the Kurnakov Institute (Russian Academy of Sciences) (1978) American Chemical Society’s award in Inorganic Chemistry (1985) Royal Society of Chemistry’s Sir Edward Frankland Prize Lectureship (1988) Royal Society's Davy Medal (1989) Royal Society of Chemistry’s Longstaff Medal (1990) Commander of the Order of the British Empire (1990)

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Arthur Lessac, American voice trainer, died he was , 101

Arthur Lessac was the creator of Lessac Kinesensic Training for the voice and body  died he was , 101. Lessac’s voice text teaches the “feeling process” for discovering vocal sensation in the body for developing tonal clarity, articulation, and for better connecting to text and the rhythms of speech.

(September 9, 1909 – April 7, 2011)

Development of ideas

He first studied voice as a student on scholarship at the Eastman School of Music where he graduated in 1936. Lessac’s big break into the professional performance scene occurred with Pins and Needles in 1937, a production written and performed by members in the cultural program of the International Ladies Garment Workers’ Union (ILGWU). Lessac taught his ideas of feeling sensation to the amateur performers and helped them develop their voices and bodies. Lessac’s next Broadway job came in 1939 with a group of European refugees needing accent elimination for their show From Vienna. Lessac taught the cast how to feel and enjoy the sensations of the consonants. When the show opened, famed critic Brooks Atkinson wrote the cast spoke better English than those for whom English is their native language.
Lessac pursued his interest in health and wellness with voice and movement and gained a Bachelor of Arts degree in Voice-Speech Clinical Therapy from New York University in 1941. Four years later he founded the National Academy of Vocal Arts (NAVA) and taught there until 1950. He further developed the feeling process of voice and movement studies with his 21 teachers.In 1951 he continued discovering the benefits of his work when he taught voice in the Stella Adler Theatre Studio for one year, furthering his explorations of voice and movement for actors. In the same year Lessac began his 20 year tenure with the Jewish Theological Seminary of America. Lessac was in charge of teaching the students seeking ordination how to deliver sermons with good speech, voice and enthusiasm. Instead of simply reading the sermons from the weekly scrolls, Lessac taught them how to commune with the text and inspire their audiences through their vocal delivery.
Several important events happened during his time with the Jewish Theological Seminary. First, Lessac earned a Master of Arts degree in Voice-Speech Clinical Therapy from New York University in 1953 and worked with speech therapy patients at Bellevue Hospital throughout the 1950s. Lessac continued his studies in neurology and anatomy as he helped patients regain sensation in their faces and mouths through vocal explorations. Lessac helped patients with a myriad of afflictions ranging from stuttering to gaining mobility in parts of the face lacking nerve action due to Bell’s Palsy. Lessac's work on employing the spirit toward the benefit of a healthy voice developed. By focusing on what a patient could do (and not focusing on disability or lack), patients became empowered in their abilities, engaged their spirits in therapy. Moreover, Lessac’s work reiterated the importance of allowing the pleasure of feeling vocal vibration or body’s energy guide one towards optimal expression and wellness.

Professional development

Lessac’s work with actors changed with the publication of his book in 1960. Famed directors Elia Kazan and Robert Whitehead appointed Lessac as teacher of voice, speech, singing and dialects for their historic repertory company at the Lincoln Center in 1962. Here Lessac worked with two of the top teachers in acting and dance, Robert Lewis and Anna Sokolow. Although the company only lasted one season, working with the most respected theatre professionals at the time reveals how much of an impact his work made on the theatre community.
In the summer of 1969, the theatre program at the State University of New York (SUNY) in Binghamton hired Lessac as full professor with immediate tenure with the mandate to develop the undergraduate and MFA acting program. The summer after his first year, he began teaching intensive workshops over 8 weeks that included all the tenets of his voice and body work. The intensives continue today each summer over 4 weeks and are taught by his master teachers of the work. Lessac left SUNY in 1981 as Professor Emeritus, but continued teaching in training programs all over the United States, Puerto Rico, Germany, Yugoslavia, South Africa, and Mexico. Lessac’s teachers and disciples felt the urgency of maintaining the pedagogical practices of the work plus the desire to expand kinesensic research into new terrain. They founded the Lessac Insitute in 1998 and developed an examination for teaching certification in 2000. The Lessac Institute now has dozens of certified trainers in sixteen states as well as trainers in South Africa, Germany, Belgium, and England. In addition, there are dozens of practitioners on track for certification.

Software

Lessac's work is the basis for a new software for text-to-speech technology being developed by Lessac Technologies, Inc. (LTI) of West Newton, Massachusetts.

Books

• Lessac, Arthur (1967). The use and training of the human voice; a practical approach to speech and voice dynamics. (2d ed. ed.). New York: DBS Publications. pp. xviii, 297 p. illus. 26 cm. OCLC 245027. LCCN 67-028352.
• Lessac, Arthur (1997). The use and training of the human voice : a bio-dynamic approach to vocal life (3rd ed. ed.). Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Pub.. pp. xv, 291 p. : ill. ; 22 cm.. ISBN 1559346965. LCCN 96-018629.
• Lessac, Arthur (1981, c1978). Body wisdom : the use and training of the human body (1st ed. ed.). New York, N.Y.: Drama Book Specialists. pp. vii, 278 p. : ill. ; 27 cm.. ISBN 0896760707. OCLC 7671791. LCCN 81-005472.

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Igor Birman, Russian-born American writer and economist died he was , 85.

Igor Yakovlevich Birman  was a Russian-American economist died he was , 85.. Received his Ph.D. in 1960. Authored a number of books translated into four languages and some 200 articles in professional periodicals and also in the popular press (Izvestia, Literaturnaia gazeta, Wall Street Journal, Washington Post).

(July 25, 1928 – April 6, 2011)

Biography

Birman was born in Moscow in 1928, graduated from the Statistical Institute in 1949, Ph. D. in Economics (кандидат экономических наук) - 1960. Was Director of Planning in three factories, worked in scientific institutes. Member of the Commission on the economic reform (1965).
In 1974 emigrated to the United States, where was employed chiefly as a consultant on the Soviet economy for The Pentagon and taught at two universities. He disproved all basic estimates of the Soviet economy by the CIA and other Sovietologists, particularly, the size of the economy, comparative level of living, share and size of military expenditures, deficit of the state budget, etc. (see NYT, 13.10.91, Newsweek, 3.03.09). Together with Valery Chalidze he edited the magazine «Russia».
Birman is best known for having criticized U.S. economists specializing in the Soviet Union (sovietologists) and CIA analysts for overestimating the size of the Soviet economy. On October 27, 1980, Birman published a piece in the Washington Post stating that the CIAʼs current picture of the Soviet economy was far too optimistic. "The Soviet economy was in a state of 'crisis,' Birman declared, while Russian living standards were 'a fourth or even a fifth the American level.' …Outside critics had often attacked the CIAʼs operational side but never its analysis, and certainly not from the political Right. …… In 1986, the CIAʼs analysts insisted that the Soviet economy was about to expand… Three years later, the Soviet Union collapsed." [Herman, A. (2009). The 35-Year War on the CIA. Commentary, http://www.commentarymagazine.com/article/the-35-year-war-on-the-cia/].
At the crux of the issue is how U.S. specialists estimated the size of the Soviet economy and the amount of resources it devoted to military expenditures. Up until 1975 the CIA estimated that the Soviet GDP was about 50% of that of the U.S., and that Soviets spend about 6% of the GDP, same as the U.S., on military expenditures. However, Birman argued that the size of the Soviet economy was more like 1/5 of U.S. economy; and to keep up with U.S. military expenditures, Soviets had to invest such a large percentage of their GNP (as much as 30%) that if such spending were sustained Soviet economy would collapse. He criticized American economists for misunderstanding Soviet life, and the power wielded by the Soviet leaders to devote such resources to the military.
"At the base … lies a lack of understanding of a simple fact – the share of Soviet GNP allocated for military purposes is extraordinarily high. For Western observer… it is almost impossible to imagine what the Soviet rulers set aside for war preparations. Precisely this enabled them to have tremendous military strength with a weak economy. This misunderstanding, the root of which is transferring Western impressions to Soviet reality, is the basis of [overestimating]; CIA economists believing in a modest share of military expenditures unavoidably had to believe also in the very big overall size of the Soviet economy." [Norquist, W. (2002). How the United States used competition to win the cold war. Advances in Competitiveness Research, 10 (1): http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb6482/is_1_10/ai_n28930700/]
As a result of such massive investment of their economy in the military, Birman expected that the Soviet economy would collapse, and with it the Soviet Union, as in this 1981 article:
"A great specialist on Soviet history [Richard Pipes] wrote to me recently that, while agreeing with my economic analysis, he 'simply cannot think of a case of a country collapsing politically because of a slowdown in the rate of economic growth.’ I admire him very much, but allow myself to ask – why not? Indeed, the Soviet case is not just some slowdown. The core of my analysis is that the slowdown will continue and the economy will experience negative growth… Once again-as an economist I risk drawing only economic conclusions. But historians and political scientists should address the most urgent question-what can happen to the Soviet regime under negative economic growth?" [Birman, I. (1981); cited in Wilhelm (2003) http://www.jstor.org/pss/826523]
With the opening up of the Soviet Union and its records, Birman’s assertions were supported by Soviet economists themselves, as in these 1990 reports:
"Several senior Soviet economists said here today that the United States had consistently overestimated the size of the Soviet economy and understated Soviet military spending……American officials said the data offered by the Soviet economists helped explain why the burden of military spending was becoming unbearable for the Soviets and why Moscow had been willing to make concessions in recent arms control talks." [Pear, P. (1990, April 24). Evolution in Europe; Soviet Experts Say Their Economy Is Worse Than U.S. Has Estimated. Special to The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/24/world/evolution-europe-soviet-experts-say-their-economy-worse-than-us-has-estimated.html?src=pm]
"Rather than disputing the iconoclastic Mr. Birman's findings, Yuri Dikhanov of the Soviet Academy of Sciences has gone to heroic technical efforts to confirm them. In a tortuous extrapolation using the Hungarian economy as a benchmark, he estimates that Soviet consumption per person averaged just 20 percent that of Americans' in 1985."[Passell, P. (1990; April 25). Economic Scene; Soviet Economy: Red Storm Ebbs New York Times. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30612F7355E0C768EDDAD0894D8494D81&scp=5&sq=igor%20birman&st=cse]
American academics were skeptical of his assertions, and his work was not published in the major journals:
"With the information now coming of the Soviet Union, [Birman’s] evaluation of Soviet economic conditions surely looks increasingly plausible. Yet, with the exception of some British journals, Birman seems to have encountered substantial resistance to the dissemination and discussion of his views…. To my knowledge his statement, made in 1986, that he has not managed to express his views in the American sovietological literature remains largely true…. Despite his fundamental disagreements with the sovietological community, it seemed impossible for him to engage those with whom he disagreed in scholarly discussions and ..his writings were rarely referred to in the literature."[Wilhelm, J. H. (1990). Crisis and Collapse: What Are the Issues? Soviet Studies, 42 (2): 317-327 http://www.jstor.org/stable/152083]

Birman was criticized for not relying on Western economic theory in conducting his analyses of Soviet economy: 

"I … deviate from the mainstream of economics, largely because of my disagreement with the view that economic theories are universal and hence applicable to any (type of) economy. ……. In my immodest opinion, the attempt to formulate a 'scientifically correct' course for the economies in transition was doomed from the start precisely because the course prescribed certain 'universal recipes' for all of them." [Birman, I. 1996, Gloomy Prospects for the Russian Economy. Europe-Asia Studies, 48 (5) 735-750. http://www.jstor.org/pss/152995]
And he did not trust mathematical models:
".. there are many things in economics which cannot be expressed in numbers, that numbers are always deceiving. …. I am not saying that economic figures always and everywhere are useless. Quite the contrary, I have spent my life struggling to pin down numbers. But I do not trust numbers themselves: I check numbers with facts, with logic, with other numbers. We should not pray to numbers as to icons." [Birman, I. (1980). Limits of Economic Measurements. Slavic Review, 39 (4): pp. 603-607. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2496500]
Instead, he advocated for including data from what he called “anecdotal economics,” relying in part on his visceral understanding of the Soviet Union, lived experience, and intuition that could not be quantified or modeled:
"before taking seriously the results of calculations with models, we should first look at the data used. Unfortunately models are often much better than data. On the other hand, ideas and assertions should not be dismissed because they are not supported by models. Having lived in that country for 45 years, and having studied its economy from outside for another 11, I trust my intuition no less than models. I am not saying that all models are bad, or should not be used, but I suggest that reasoning, simple logic, and the like, which are called anecdotal economics must not be dismissed." [Birman, I. (1986). The Soviet Economy: Alternative Views, Russia, 12, p. 65.; cited in Wilhelm, 2003]
In the end, his predictions turned out to be correct:
"Given what has happened and what we now know, Birman clearly did get it right. ….. some of the most 'advanced' techniques were used in studies of the Soviet economy….. But these techniques clearly did not perform as well as Birman's 'anecdotal economics' in getting the Soviet economic situation right. …..Yet if the process of scholarship is to avoid being a self-perpetuating and closed system of review and citation, which.. Birman encountered, there has to be a better arbiter than the refereed, scholarly journal. I would call it the reality test." [Wilhelm, J. H. (2003). The Failure of the American Sovietological Economics Profession. Europe-Asia Studies, 55(1), 59-74. http://www.jstor.org/pss/826523]

Books by Igor Birman

• Транспортная задача линейного программирования. М.: Экономиздат, 1959
• Оптимальное программирование, М.: Экономика, 1968 / нем. издание: Lineare Optimierung in der Okonomie. Berlin: Verlag Die Wirtschaft, 1971
• Методология оптимального планирования. М.: Мысль, 1971 /in Czech. Прага: 1974/
• Secret Incomes of the Soviet State Budget. The Hague ; Boston : Martinus Nijhoff, 1981. ISBN 902472550X; 0908094086; 0908094000 (bibliography pp. 270–272)
• Экономика недостач. Нью-Йорк: Chalidze publications, 1983.
• To Build Anew (рус.: Строить заново). Benson, Vermont : Chalidze Publ., 1988 (Russian)
• Personal Consumption in the USSR and USA. N.Y. : St. Martin Press, 1989. ISBN 0312023928 (Библиография: стр.191-251)
• Productivity of the Soviet Economy Before Perestroika. Dump Eurospan, 1991. ISBN 0844737453
• Величина советских военных расходов: методический аспект. Стокгольм: : Inst., 1991
• Реформа экономики абсурда: к собственной собственности. М.: Пик, 1991
• Я — экономист (о себе любимом). Новосибирск: Экор, 1966; (2-е издание - М.: Время, 2001).
• Уровень русской жизни (а также американской) (The level of Russian living and American as well).М.:Научный мир, 2004 (2-е изд. — М.: Экономика, 2007), ISBN 5891762773,
• Капиталистический манифест (Capitalist manifesto). M.: 2010

and co-authored and edited several books, for example:

• Notes on input-output analysis in the USSR. (в соавт. с Альбиной Третьяковой) Durham, N. C., 1975
• Статистика уровня жизни населения России (в соавторстве с Л.Пияшевой). М.:1997;
• Математические методы и проблемы размещения производства (Mathematical methods and problems of production territorial allocation). М.: Изд-во эконом. лит-ры, 1963;
• Оптимальный план отрасли (Optimal Plan of a Branch) M.: Ekonomizdat, 1970; etc.

Selected articles

• The imbalance of the Soviet economy. - In: Soviet studies, vol. 40, 1988, 2, p. 210-221. ISSN 0038-5859
• Birman, I. (1980; October 27). The Way to Slow the Arms Race. Washington Post, Op-Ed, P. A15
• Birman, I. (1980). Limits of Economic Measurements. Slavic Review, 39 (4): pp. 603-607. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2496500
• Birman, I. (1986). The Soviet Economy: Alternative Views, Russia, 12
• Le problème de l'évaluation de l'effort militaire soviétique: 1988-1990. - In: Revue d'études comparatives est-ouest. 1991, 4, p. 5-20. Paris : CNRS, ISSN 0338-0599
• Gloomy Prospects for the Russian Economy. - In: Europe-Asia studies, 48, no. 5, 1996 ISSN 0966-8136
• Назад в социалистическую экономику? - В: Экономика и математические методы. 1998, № 3, стр. 157-164./ М.: Наука, ISSN 0424-7388
• Аномальное полузнайство.- В: Свободная мысль. М.: 1997 сентябрь
• Письмо в редакцию (по поводу статьи Тремля и Кудрова). - В: Вопросы статитики. М.: 1998, № 4.
• Уровень русской жизни (недопроизнесенный доклад). - В: Nota Bene, Иерусалим: 2006, № 13.
• Избытчность - норма нормальной экономики. - В: Экономическая наука современной России. М.; 2007, № 4.

Literature about Birman

• Louise Shelley. Igor Birman: Biography. N.Y. : American Jewish Committee, Oral History Library, 1980
• Wilhelm, J. H. (2003). The Failure of the American Sovietological Economics Profession. Europe-Asia Studies, 55(1), 59-74. http://www.jstor.org/pss/826523
• Wilhelm, J. H. (1990). Crisis and Collapse: What Are the Issues? Soviet Studies, 42 (2): 317-327 http://www.jstor.org/stable/152083 .
• Hopkins, M. & Kennedy, M. (1984). Comparisons and Implications of Alternative Views of the Soviet Economy. http://www.rand.org/pubs/reports/2009/R3075.pdf
• Jones, M. (2009) Constructing Cassandra: The Social Construction of Strategic Surprise at Central Intelligence Agency, 1947 - 2001. https://catalogue.kent.ac.uk/Record/764718

Other Igor Birmans

Chief of Staff, Congressman Tom McClintock

 

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