Rauf Raif Denktaş, or
Denktash was a
Turkish Cypriot politician, barrister and jurist elected in 1973 as the Vice-President of the
Republic of Cyprus died from multiple organ failure he was 87..
[4] He later became recognised by
Turkey as the founding President of the
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), holding that position until 2005.
[5]
(27 January 1924 – 13 January 2012)
Early career
Denktaş was born in
Paphos to judge Raif Mehmet Bey and Emine Hanim, Turkish Cypriots. He graduated from
The English School, Nicosia in
Cyprus. Following his graduation he worked as a translator in
Famagusta after that as a
court clerk and then as a
teacher for one year in the English School. He later went to
Istanbul and
London,
[1] training first as a teacher and then as a
barrister at
Lincoln's Inn. He graduated in 1947 and returned home to practice law.
In 1948 Denktaş served as a member of the Consultative Assembly in
search of self-government for Cyprus and became a member of the Turkish
Affairs Committee. He was a
crown prosecutor 1949–1958.
1957–1999
In 1957, Denktaş played the lead role in the founding of the
Turkish Resistance Organization (TMT), which was formed to resist EOKA's struggle to proclaim
Enosis (union with Greece) and worked for the partition of Cyprus. In 1958, he attended the
U.N. General Assembly
on behalf of the Turkish-Cypriots, and in December of that year he
advised the Turkish Government on the rights of Turkish Cypriots during
the preparation of the Zürich Agreement (signed 19 February 1959). In
1960, Cyprus won independence from
Britain, and the
Republic of Cyprus was established. Denktaş was elected as the President of the Turkish Communal Chamber.
In November 1963
President Makarios gave for review to Turkey,
Greece and
Britain
a document with a series of constitutional amendments designed to
loosen the acquired rights of Turkish Cypriots in the name of "the
workings of the state". Then the paramilitary action against the Turks
began in December 1963, after which Turkish-Cypriots forcefully withdrew
from government. Upon these events, Denktaş went to
Ankara for consultations with the
Turkish government. His reentry to the island was prohibited by the
Greek-Cypriot leadership in years 1964-68 due to his involvement with TMT.
After the 15 July 1974 Greek ultra-nationalist military coup in
Cyprus, massacres began against the Turkish Cypriot population already
confined into enclaves. Thus
Turkey unilaterally invaded by landing troops
on the north coast of Cyprus. During the military operation, the
dictatorship led by Nikos Sampson fell and political wrangling began.
After three weeks, Turkey continued to advance military operation. The
Turkish Army took control 37% of the island by the time it completed its second advance on 14 August 1974 and reached
Famagusta. Denktaş was subsequently elected President of the Turkish Federated State of Cyprus in 1976 and for a second term in 1981.
He played a key role in the 1983
Unilateral Declaration of Independence of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, and was elected as the President of the TRNC in 1985, 1990, 1995, and 2000.
[6]
The TRNC has not been recognised by any state other than
Turkey. Denktaş had been the chief negotiator of Turkish Cypriots in the United Nations sponsored peace talks since 1968.
Later career
By 2000, the desire of both Cyprus and Turkey to join the
EU
led to renewed efforts to reach a settlement. In 2002 there were large
demonstrations in northern Cyprus by Turkish Cypriots demanding
reunification of the island, which would give them EU citizenship when
Cyprus joined the EU in 2004. In December 2003 Denktaş's party suffered
heavy losses in
legislative elections, suggesting that his days as the unchallenged leader of the Turkish Cypriots were coming to an end.
In February 2004 Denktaş embarked on a new round of UN sponsored
talks with the Greek Cypriots, aimed at re-uniting Cyprus. Ultimately,
as did the
Greek Cypriot President Tassos Papadopoulos, he opposed the final version of the settlement proposal drafted under the authority of the
UN Secretary General Kofi Annan (the
Annan Plan), which was voted on by the two Cypriot communities in a
referendum on 24 April 2004. The plan was accepted by 65% of the Turkish community, but was rejected by a vast majority of the Greeks.
On 14 May 2004, Denktaş announced he would not be standing for a fifth term as President of the TRNC in the
next election. His tenure as President came to an end following the 17 April 2005 election of
Mehmet Ali Talat, who formally assumed office on 25 April.
[7]
Personal life and awards
Denktaş's favourite pastimes included
photography
and writing. His photographs have been exhibited in the United States,
the United Kingdom, Australia, Italy, some of the former republics of
the Soviet Union, Poland, France, Austria and Turkey. He has written
about fifty books in
English and
Turkish. Between the years 1949 and 1957 he wrote many articles for the newspaper
Halkın Sesi ("Voice of the People"), published by Dr
Fazil Küçük, the first Vice President of the Republic of Cyprus.
[citation needed]
Denktaş has been the recipient of many awards and honorary doctorates
given by various universities in Turkey, the 'TRNC' and the United
States. He was married and had three sons and three daughters. He lost a
daughter at the age of three, one son, Raif in a traffic accident and
another son in a
tonsillectomy. His surviving son
Serdar Denktaş is also a politician, and as of 2007, leader of the Turkish Cypriot
Democratic Party.
[citation needed]
Denktaş was an honorary member of
The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation.
[citation needed]
Death and funeral
Denktaş's health gradually deteriorated throughout the 2000s.
[8] He had a heart condition and on 25 May 2011 suffered a stroke.
[2] He died on 13 January 2012 of multiple organ failure at the
Near East University Hospital in Nicosia.
[2][8] Northern Cyprus declared a weeklong mourning period,
[9] while Turkey declared a mourning of five days.
[10] His funeral, to which thousands attended, was held on 17 January. He was buried in the "Park of the Republic".
[11]
Books by Denktaş
- Saadet Sırları - Secrets of Happiness, 1941
- Ateşsiz Cehennem - Hell without Fire, 1944
- Criminal Cases, 1953-54
- A Handbook of Criminal Cases, 1955
- 12'ye 5 Kala - 5 to 12, 1964-66
- The Cyprus Problem, 1968
- The Akritas Plan, 1968
- A Short Discourse on Cyprus, 1972
- Gençlerle Başbaşa - Alone with Youngsters, 1981
- The Cyprus Triangle, 1982
- Gençlerle Hasbihal - Conversation with the Youth, 1982
- Cyprus Problem in a Nutshell, 1983
- Gençlere Öğütler - Advice to the Youth, 1985
- Kadın ve Dünya - Woman and The World, 1985
- Kuran'dan İlhamlar - Inspiration from The Qur'an, 1986
- İmtihan Dünyası - A World of Examination, 1986
- Yarınlar İçin - For Tomorrow, 1986
- UN Speeches on Cyprus, 1986
- Seçenekler ve Kıbrıs Türkleri - The Options and The Turkish Cypriots, 1986
- Cyprus, An Indictment and Defence, 1987
- The Cyprus Problem 23rd Year, 1987
- My Vision for Cyprus, 1988
- Atatürk, Din ve Laiklik - Atatürk, Religion and Laïcité, 1989
- Gençlerle Sohbet - Discussion with Youth, 1990
- Kıbrıs'ta Bitmeyen Kavga - Unending Fight in Cyprus, 1991
- Kıbrıs Davamız - Our Cyprus Issue, 1991
- İlk Altı Ay - The First Six Months, 1991
- What is the Cyprus Problem, 1991
- A Challenge on Cyprus, 1990-91
- Denktaş As A Photographer, Images From Northern Cyprus, 1991
- The Cyprus Problem and the Remedy, 1992, Nicosia (Lefkoşa)
- From My Album, 1992
- O Günler - Those days, 1993, Nicosia
- Images From Northern Cyprus, 1993
- Vizyon - The Vision, 1994, Nicosia
- Kapılar - The Doors, 1995, Nicosia
- Observations on the Cyprus Dispute, 1996
- Kıbrıs Meselesinde Son Durum - The Latest Situation in Cyprus Issue, 1996, Nicosia
- Rum Yunan İkilisi: İstenmeyen Cumhuriyetten Nereye? - Cypriot Greek Duo: Where to from the Unwanted Republic, 1996, Nicosia
- Karkot Deresi - Karkot Stream, 1996
- Rauf Denktaş'ın Hatıraları, 1964-74, I. cilt (1964) - Memoirs of Rauf Denktaş, 1964-74, volume I (1964), 1996
- Rauf Denktaş'ın Hatıraları, 1964-74, II. cilt (1965), 1997
- Rauf Denktaş'ın Hatıraları, 1964-74, III. cilt (1966), 1997
- Rauf Denktaş'ın Hatıraları, 1964-74, IV. cilt (1967), 1997
- Rauf Denktaş'ın Hatıraları, 1964-74, V. cilt (1968), 1997
- Rauf Denktaş'ın Hatıraları, 1964-74, VI. cilt (1969), 1997
- Rauf Denktaş'ın Hatıraları, 1964-74, VII. cilt (1970), 1997
- Kalbimin Sesi - The voice of my heart, 1997
- In Search of Justice, 1997
- Rauf Denktaş'ın Hatıraları, 1964-74, VIII. cilt (1971–72), 1998
- Rauf Denktaş'ın Hatıraları, 1964-74, IX. cilt (1973–74), 1999
- Hatıralar, Toplayış, X. cilt - Memoirs, Putting It Together, vol X, 2000
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