Fridtjof Frank Gundersen, Norwegian jurist and politician, died he was 77.

Fridtjof Frank Gundersen was a Norwegian professor of jurisprudence and politician. He worked as a lector at the Faculty of Law of the University of Oslo from 1965 to 1975. In 1975 he became professor of jurisprudence at the Norwegian School of Economics.
Gundersen was elected a Member of Parliament in 1981 representing the Progress Party platform, but did not formally join the party until 1990. He fell out of parliament in 1985, but was re-elected for three consecutive four-year terms from 1989. He left the party in 2001, and failed to get re-elected to parliament again in the election later the same year, having stood for a local electoral list. Following the defeat, he retired as politician.

(29 October 1934 – 11 November 2011)

Early life and education

Gundersen was born in Tynset in Hedmark to lawyer Ragnar Gundersen (1895–1985) and Betzy Lommeland (1902–1994). After finishing his secondary education in 1954,^[1] he came through the Russian language course of the Norwegian army,^[2] and achieved the law degree cand.jur. at the University of Oslo in 1961. In 1963 he was the vice chairman of the Norwegian Students' Society. He took the admission course in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1963, and was a secretary in the Ministry until 1965.^[1]

Professional career

From 1965 he worked as a lector at the Faculty of Law of the University of Oslo, first in private law, then in public law. In 1973 he achieved the doctoral degree dr. juris. In 1975 he became professor of jurisprudence at the Norwegian School of Economics.^[1] He was an awarded lecturer,^[3] and has written a large number of publications, regarding law, economics, parliamentary issues such as control of trade monopolies, administrative law, trade law, governance mechanisms, contract law and related things.^[4] Many of his books were issued through his own publishing house, operating out of Jar and Sandvika.^[1]
In 2006 he admitted to having been a secret intelligence agent for Norway, having reported to the Norwegian Intelligence Service from communist congresses he attended in the Soviet Union during the 1950s and 1960s. This was revealed after pressure from Dag Seierstad who had accused him of this for a long time.^[2] In addition to Norwegian, Gundersen had a fluent command of Russian, English, German, French and also spoke some Spanish.^[5]
He was a member of the Broadcasting Council from 1986 to 1990, having been a deputy member since 1982. From 1983 to 1985 he was also a member of the commission that prepared the launch of TV 2.^[1]

Political career

Gundersen was an active member of the Conservative Party from the mid-1960s. He was chairman of the party's Tenkegruppe 99 from 1966 to 1971 and a member of the party's political council until 1975.^[1] In the mid-1970s Gundersen left both the Conservative Party and the Church of Norway, as he according to himself "wanted to stand completely free." He was elected to the Parliament of Norway in 1981 representing the Progress Party, although he did not formally join the party until 1990, and was technically an independent before that.^[6] He represented the county of Akershus. He lost his seat in 1985, and the same year he wrote the memoir-like Fri og frank på Tinget.^[1]
He decided to enter local politics, and from 1987 to 1989 he was a member of the Bærum municipal council. He was re-elected to Parliament in 1989, 1993 and 1997. He thus served three consecutive terms, until 2001. During these twelve terms, he stayed a member of the Parliament's Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Enlarged Committee on Foreign Affairs and Defence.^[1]
In February 2001, Gundersen left the party due to not being renominated for a safe seat in Akershus. Other reasons were the recent exclutions and interventions in local nominations by party chairman Carl I. Hagen.^[7] Gundersen tried together with other breakaways of the party to run with the Liberal People's Party, but as this failed he rather ran for the new local Oslo List. The election for the party became a failure, and he thus pulled out from active politics.^[4]

Political views

Gundersen regarded himself as a libertarian,^[5] and was noticed in the Norwegian public debate for numerous unexpected inputs.^[4] During the 1960s and 1970s he was a political commentator in the magazine Dag og Tid. During this time, he among other things argued in favor of the Vietnam War, apartheid, the Cold War and the European Economic Community. Later, during his time as a politician for the Progress Party, he argued in favor of boycott of such countries as Iran, China and Cuba, and against immigration.^[6] He was regarded as one of the more intellectual and ideological figures in the party.^[8]
He claimed that Norwegians are a homogenous people, poorly able to absorb large ethnic minorities who are mostly loyal to their own culture, and that potential problems regarding this will only become more evident in the future.^[4] In 1997, he called for a stop of foreign cultural immigration to avoid conflicts, and stated that he thought immigrants of the time could be the terrorists of the future.^[9] In 1997 he also drew parallels to the Bosnian War as a possible future scenario in Norway, that "there is a great risk that we will become flooded by Muslims", and that he would not be surprised if Norway would see "serious terrorism" within ten to twenty years.^[10][11] In early 2001 he nonetheless praised Muslims in cities like Cairo and Istanbul for taking more personal care of their friends and family, instead of merely being dependent on public welfare programs which is common in countries like Norway.^[5]

Personal life

Gundersen was married in 1965 to Mosse Piene (1 April 1935–1991). After her death, he lived in cohabitation with Marit Munro (born 13 November 1939). Gundersen spent much of his free time in Vence, France.^[4]
Fridtjof Frank Gundersen died in November 2011 after long-term illness.^[12]

Writings

Gundersen has written several publications.^[1]

• 1966: Ny solidaritet (et al.), Aschehoug
• 1968: Introduksjon til EEC. Rettslige og politiske spørsmål, Universitetsforlaget
• 1968: FN-ideal og realitet (with Per Morten Vigtel), Gyldendal
• 1969: Fremtiden utfordrer politikerne (editor), Minerva forlag
• 1970: Konservativ kommentar til A-partiets prinsipp-program (editor), Høyres "Tenkegruppe 99"
• 1970: Etableringsretten og Det europeiske økonomiske samarbeid, Grøndahl & Søn Forlag
• 1970: Multinasjonale konserner og kontrollen med dem, European Movement Norway
• 1971: EEC-håndboken. 2 bind, Universitetsforlaget
• 1972: Kontrollen med karteller og storbedrifter, Universitetsforlaget
• 1973: Roma-traktaten og planene om et norsk engrosmonopol for øl, Universitetsforlaget
• 1973: Statlige handelsmonopoler og EF, Universitetsforlaget
• 1977: Hovedlinjer i avtaleretten, Jar
• 1977: Norsk og internasjonal markedsrett (with Ulf Bernitz), Jar
• 1978: Hovedlinjer i forvaltningsretten, Jar ISBN 978-82-990763-3-3
• 1979: Bedrifts- og personalrett (with Christian Schjoldager), Bergen ISBN 978-82-90961-02-7
• 1981: Om å bruke andres penger. En innføring i norsk parasittøkonomi, Oslo ISBN 978-82-990763-0-2
• 1982: Privatrett for økonomer (with Arthur J. Brudvik), Jar ISBN 978-82-990763-1-9
• 1985: Fri og frank på Tinget: liberalisme med norsk vri
• 1986: Praktisk jus - spørsmål og svar, Sandvika ISBN 978-82-90961-07-2
• 1988: Jus for økonomer (with Arthur J. Brudvik), Jar ISBN 978-82-90961-05-8
• 1989: Helse og politiske styringsmekanismer, Tano ISBN 978-82-518-2640-2
• 1989: EF-boken, Tano ISBN 978-82-518-2707-2
• 1989: Lov og rett for næringslivet (with Sverre F. Langfeldt), Tano ISBN 978-82-518-2570-2
• 1992: Innføring i EØS og EF-rett (with Ulf Bernitz), ISBN 978-82-90961-04-1
• 2002: Introduksjon til EU, ISBN 978-82-90961-19-5
• 2010: EU - etter Lisboa-traktaten: institusjoner, rettssystem og rettsregler, Gyldendal ISBN 978-82-05-40145-7

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Michael Garrick, English jazz pianist and composer, died he was 78.

Michael Garrick MBE^[1] was an English jazz pianist and composer, and a pioneer in mixing jazz with poetry recitations.

(30 May 1933 – 11 November 2011)

Biography

Garrick was born in Enfield, Middlesex,^[2] and educated at University College, London, from which he graduated in 1959 with a B.A. in English literature. As a student there he formed his first quartet, featuring vibraphonist Peter Shade. Recordings of this are on HEP (Chronos and Silhouette, released on Gearbox vinyl). Aside from some lessons at the Ivor Mairants School of Dance Music he was "an entirely self-taught musician" (he had been expelled from Eleanor B. Franklin-Pike's piano lessons for quoting from "In the Mood" at a pupils' concert), though he attended Berklee College, Boston, as a mature student in the 1970s.
Soon after graduating, Garrick became the musical director of "Poetry & Jazz in Concert", a roadshow devised by poet and publisher Jeremy Robson, and involving writers as diverse as Laurie Lee, Adrian Mitchell, Vernon Scannell, Spike Milligan, Dannie Abse, and John Smith. Garrick's quintet at this time included Joe Harriott and Shake Keane. He came to special prominence in the British contemporary jazz world initially as the pianist with the Don Rendell–Ian Carr quintet from 1965 to 1969, and led his own sextet from 1966.
Garrick is perhaps best known for his jazz-choral works, the first of which he started in 1967. Jazz Praises, an extended religious work for his sextet and a large choir, was performed at St. Paul's Cathedral in London, and elsewhere. With poet John Smith he produced a series of such works, starting in 1969 with Mr Smith's Apocalypse for sextet, speakers, and chorus, which had its premiere at the Farnham Festival. The culmination of this partnership was A Zodiac of Angels, a choral jazz ballet performed opposite Carmina Burana under the innovative baton of Victor Fox in the Opera Theatre Manchester in January 1988 and utilising symphony orchestra, 7 jazz soloists including Norma Winstone, full choir and a dance company. Indian classical music has influenced many of his compositions.
Aside from his performing, recording, and composing, Garrick was heavily involved in jazz education, and held teaching posts at the Royal Academy of Music and at Trinity College of Music, London; he continued to teach at summer schools, both for the Guildhall School of Music and on his own Jazz Academy Vacation Courses, from 1989 at Beechwood in Tunbridge Wells. For many years he took his trio into schools presenting interactive events to introduce children to jazz.
His own record label Jazz Academy Records features many albums by his Michael Garrick Jazz Orchestra and has trio, solo, quartet and other small groupings, some including singers Norma Winstone, Anita Wardell and Jacqui Dankworth. In 2010 Garrick began a collaboration with vocalist Nette Robinson. At the time of his death he had also begun to develop work with a quartet including vibraphonist Jim Hart, which would have reworked some of the music of the Modern Jazz Quartet and would have provided an echo of his own first quartet, half a century before.
Garrick was appointed MBE in the 2010 Birthday Honours.^[3]
Garrick died on 11 November 2011 after suffering heart problems for some years.^[1]

Discography

As leader

• 1959: Blues for the Lonelyw/Joe Harriott, Shake Keane & poet Jeremy Robson EP Columbia
• 1959: Kronos Ist Quartet w/Peter Shade, Paul Hemmings and Brian Barnes LP HEP
• 1963:A Case of Jazz
• 1963: Poetry and Jazz in Concert
• 1964: October Woman
• 1964: Moonscape
• 1965: Promises
• 1966: Before Night/Day
• 1966: Black Marigolds
• 1968: Jazz Praises at St Paul's
• 1969: Poetry and Jazz 250
• 1970: The Heart Is a Lotus
• 1971: Mr Smith's Apocalypse
• 1972: Home Stretch Blues
• 1972: Cold Mountain
• 1973: Troppo
• 1978: You've Changedw/Don Weller, Chris Lawrence and Alan Jackson
• 1993: A Lady in Waiting
• 1994: Meteors Close at Hand
• 1995: Parting Is Such
• 1995–96: For Love of Duke... and Ronnie
• 1999: Down on Your Knees
• 2000: Genius
• 2001: The New Quartet
• 2002: Green and Pleasant Land
• 2003: Peter Pan Jazz Dance Suite
• 2004: Big Band Harriott
• 2005: Children Of Time
• 2007: Inspirations
• 2007: Yet Another Spring
• 2008: Introducing Mick Garrett-GIGS
• 2009: Lady of the Aurian Wood-a magic life of Duke
• 2010: Tone Poems

Almost all of Garrick's early recordings have been reissued on CD, especially through the Vocalion label.'Moonscape' was reissued in 2007 on Trunk Records. Albums from the 1990s to 2010 appeared mainly on his Jazz Academy label.

With the Rendell–Carr Quintet

• 1965: Dusk Fire
• 1968: Phase III
• 1968: Live
• 1969: Change Is

Compositions

• Praises: a miscellany of religious texts and images for jazz group, organ, and chorus. Recorded in 1965: Simon Preston (organ), Louis Halsey's Elizabethan Singers, and jazz quintet with Joe Harriott (alto sax) and Shake Keane (trumpet)

• Mr Smith's Apocalypse: cantata (poems by John Smith). Commission from Farnham Festival, 1969. Same forces as Praises, plus readers. Recorded in 1970 with the Garrick septet.

• Judas Kiss: the Passion of Christ. Text compiled from the four gospels. Commission from Nottingham Festival, 1971. Same forces as Mr Smith's Apocalypse, with string orchestra added in 1990. Not commercially recorded.

• A Hobbit Suite or Gemstones: suite based on J.R.R. Tolkien The Hobbit, in nine sections. Commission from Mersey Arts, 1973 for jazz sextet, including the voice of Norma Winstone. Later expanded for jazz orchestra. Recorded in 1994 (selections from expanded version).

• Jazz Portraits: an ongoing project from 1975, depicting fugures from jazz such as Duke Ellington, John Coltrane, Dizzy Gillespie, McCoy Tyner, Thelonious Monk, and Bill Evans; for large and small ensembles.

• Underground Streams: an after-death soliloquy, with interludes from angels and other heavenly beings. Based on Rudolf Steiner's 1912 lecture-cycle Life between Death and Rebirth. Commission from the Jazz Centre Society, London, 1978. Forces: voice, guitar, and piano. First performance at South Bank Centre, June 1978 with Norma Winstone (voice), Phil Lee (guitar), and Garrick (piano). Not commercially recorded; broadcast on BBC Radio 3.

• Hardy Country: suite for small or large ensemble, with or without vocal part; in nine self-contained movements, plus three poem settings for speaker. Commission from South-West Arts and Eldridge Pope, brewers, of Dorchester. First performance June 1990 in the Thomas Hardy Hall by jazz quartet with Norma Winstone. Later expanded for jazz orchestra. Selections of expnaded version recorded in 1994.

• A Zodiac of Angels: suite of twelve pieces, depicting the situation and function of twelve heavenly beings as defined in A Dictionary of Angels by Gustav Davidson; selected and turned into verse by John Smith. Commission from Manchester Education Authority for symphony orchestra, six jazz instrumental soloists, jazz singer, chorus, and soloists. First performance at Royal Northern College of Music Opera Theatre, January 1988 in a fully staged (dance) version.

• The Royal Box: suite in nine movements based on phrases connected with royalty (e.g., "The Old Pretender", "The Royal Prerogative", "A Lady in Waiting", etc.). Inspired by the media treatment of the British Royal Family, in particular Prince Charles and Princess Diana. In two versions: piano/bass/drums trio and jazz orchestra. Trio version recorded complete; selections of jazz-orchestra version recorded.

• Bovingdon Poppies: oratorio of poem "Bovingdon Poppies" (a poem by Eva Travers), for chorus, soloists, jazz sextet, and string orchestra. First performance: Remembrance Day, November 1993.

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Emory Folmar, American politician, Mayor of Montgomery, Alabama (1977–1999), died after a long illness he was 81.

Emory McCord Folmar  was the mayor of Montgomery, Alabama, from 1977 to 1999. Although the mayor's office is nonpartisan, Folmar was known to be a Republican.^[1]

 

^{(June 3, 1930 – November 11, 2011)}

Background Folmar was born in Pike County near Montgomery. He attended school in Pike County and then Montgomery. He was a United States Army ranger and a veteran of the Korean War. He thereafter graduated from the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa, with a degree in business. He entered politics in 1975 by winning election to the Montgomery City Council. He soon became the council president. He then ascended to the mayor's office after a scandal forced the resignations of the sitting mayor and public safety director and the subsequent resignations or terminations of a number of police officers and supervisors. He remained in office from 1977 to 1999. Although the city's elected positions are nonpartisan, Folmar was unabashedly a conservative Republican. He served as the chairman of the Alabama Republican Party and received several, primarily honorary political appointments from Republican U.S. Presidents Ronald W. Reagan and George H.W. Bush. He was named "Civilian Aide" to the United States Secretary of the Army. The appointment carries the protocol weight of a four-star general, and Folmar took the position seriously. He even had a set of combat fatigues personalized with his name and the words "Civilian Aide" embroidered on the collar where a soldier's rank was displayed at the time.
He was defeated in 1999 by political a newcomer, attorney Bobby Bright, in an election that stunned many in the community who thought Folmar's re-election likely. Bright later served one term in the United States House of Representatives from 2009 to 2011. After leaving the city limelight, Folmar went into a mobile document shredding venture before being appointed in 2003 by Governor Bob Riley to run the state Alcoholic Beverage Control Board where he served a relatively quiet tenure as the agency's commissioner until Riley left office early in 2011. Folomar battled cancer and other health ailments in recent years before he died at the family home on the evening of November 11, 2011. On the night of Folmar's death, current Mayor Todd Strange lauded the former city leader as his mentor, inspiration, a good man, a family man, a Christian and an valuable leader of the city.

Entertainment

One notorious incident of many was his crackdown on rock-n-roll concerts in the city-owned Montgomery Civic Center --- a mass arrest of concert-goers carrying drugs, paraphernalia and minors with alcohol and beer at the facility early in his tenure set the tone for his administration, according to some. Folmar defended his actions after he had attended many concerts and witnessed personally the abuse of drugs and alcohol, particularly by minors. He noted on many occasions he saw a young girl "puking her guts out" after consuming too much vodka. Subsequently, few live rock-n-roll acts appeared in Montgomery during his tenure. The arrests were later nullified by a federal judge who rebuked Folmar's tactics. Further incidents against entertainment venues included a noise curfew against a motorsports park located about two miles away from a residential area.
Folmar was part of the city effort to relocate the Alabama Shakespeare Festival from Anniston to Montgomery, on land and money both donated by Winton "Red" Blount, a wealthy construction magnate and former US Postmaster General. The Festival along with the Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts (a city facility) were located in the Wynton M. Blount Cultural Park. The City of Montgomery Parks and Recreations Department maintains the grounds.
Folmar was also instrumental in pushing for the growth and development of the city's long running street festival, Jubilee CityFest. Languishing and drifting without direction under the loose guidance of an ad hoc coalition of the community's arts and entertainment groups, Folmar said the glorified block party should grow or cease and challenged leaders to take the festival to the next level. As a result, the free "block party" was changed to a paid admission event with multiple stages with national headline acts.
The Montgomery Zoo was another area where Folmar put resources and passion to grow the small five acre zoo to the sprawling 40 acre facility it is today. In 1989, the Zoo was expanded to its current size, enhanced with natural habitat enclosures for the animals and has regularly added new and exciting additions to the exhibits and collections.
In addition to the Alabama Shakespeare Festival, Folmar and his wife Anita P. Folmar were great private and public supporters of many of the cultural activities in the city, notably the Montgomery Symphony Orchestra, the Montgomery Ballet, the Alabama Dance Theater. The Art Council of Montgomery named its Children's Art Gallery in Anita's honor and established the Anita P. Folmar Distinguished Volunteer in the Arts Award.
Folmar was criticized by some^[who?] that he didn't do enough to attract minor league baseball back to the city nor secure the location of a Robert Trent Jones Golf Trail facility in the city. One of the premier golf trails in the nation, the RTJ course in the area was finally located in Prattville, a nearby bedroom community. However, Folmar supporters say that this was a shrewd decision that risked no capital outlay, but allowed the city to reap the benefits of filling its abundant hotel rooms with golfers traveling to play the Trail. At the time, Montgomery's Lagoon Park Golf Course was one of America's top 50 municipal golf courses.
After the Montgomery Rebels departed in 1980, leaving the 7,000 seat Paterson Field in poor upkeep, Folmar decreed the facility and nearby Cramton Bowl would remain dedicated to amateur sports.

City Administration and Political Philosophy

His 22 years in office marked the longest consecutive period of any mayor in the city's history although his tenure began in the wake of a racially divisive scandal. The controversy took down his predecessor, the city's public safety director and many subordinate leaders of Montgomery's Police Department. While pursuing suspects after a robbery, a police officer mistook Bernard Whitehurst for the robbery suspect and fatally shot him. Then an officer at the scene planted a weapon near Whitehurst that was later determined to have been confiscated by the police in another case. Folmar, then the president of the City Council, assumed the mayor job. In the special election that followed, Folmar beat out 40 challengers without a runoff.
A fiscal conservative, Folmar was known for the tight fist with which he held onto the city's coffers, an effective steward of the taxpayer dollars with which the city was entrusted. He was criticized for not taking as many chances for growing some areas of the community's development of entertainment and sporting venues. Although Folmar prided himself in keeping roads paved, potholes filled, water flowing and garbage collected, he was criticized at some points for not being sufficiently proactive in repairing infrastructure in poor, minority sections on the periphery of the city limits. His leadership style was unyielding and even sometimes bordered on bullying, but he was unapologetic about his leadership style saying that his tactics were in support and furtherance of a quality life for the citizens who paid the salaries of the public servants, although he never accepted a salary while mayor. He was financially supported by family real estate and other holdings.
He often verbally tangled with vocal critics on the City Council, particularly former Councilman Joe Reed, a black leader who represented a decidedly minority district in the city. But Folmar also took great pleasure in jousting with former City Councilman Richard Moncus who represented a primarily white constituency in a heavily middle class section of Montgomery. Moncus became a pariah on the Council, but he also had constant disagreements with another white councilman, Dr. Rick McBride. So, in 1991 Folmar put together what he called "Montgomery's Team," basically a group of hand-picked city council candidates he could entrust to help him push his policy agenda. At the polls that year, he received the solid supporting city council he wanted.
Folmar was also successful in helping to direct the city's economic development successes during his time in office, although the city's most celebrated economic development prize - Hyundai Motor Manufacturing - followed a few years after his leaving office.
Folmar often addressed the senior civic classes of area high schools during his time as mayor. On such occasions he often drew criticism for the Civic Center raid that city youth blamed on effectively killing the concert business in the city. Once Folmar answered that criticism by saying "You can stay at home and get as high as a Georgia Pine and I won't care. But when you bring it out on my streets, it becomes my business." He often characterized himself politically as "so conservative if it were up to me, I would take down all the traffic lights and let the strongest, fastest car get through the intersection first."

Racial Issues & Bigoted Remarks

Folmar's controversial stances were cast at the outset of his political career in the 1970s in highly-controversial City Council votes along racial lines. Among them were the championing of a vote to spend a large portion of federal grant money on a public golf course & softball fields on the predominately-white east side of the city rather than using all of the grant money to end urban blight by providing necessary city utility infrastructure on the predominantly-black west side. Many western areas of the city are without utility infrastructure over 25 years later.
A number of incidents involving his hard-line stances include long-time racial tensions between the police and black citizens which zeroed in on Folmar's leadership as the precursor; as mayor, he was known to be the true, de facto leader of the city's police force and he routinely furthered that image by getting proactive in on-the-scene police investigations and was known to carry a pistol. He instructed police on night-watch 3rd shift to start wearing SWAT-team, military-style black uniforms & baseball-style black caps. A notorious incident happened on Todd Rd. in 1983 when 2 white police detectives allegedly barged into a home where black mourners had gathered after the funeral of a grandmother. The detectives were following up on a missing person case and observed a suspicious subject outside the residence. The detectives were held hostage and beaten by the black occupants and held until other police arrived, who subsequently arrested the mourners under allegations of assault & torture of the officers, with resulting claims by local black leaders of police abuse during questioning of the suspects.
Folmar was quoted in 1997 using the word "queer" publicly in a detrimental fashion noting his disapproval of the lifestyles of gay & lesbian individuals.

Public Transportation

The Montgomery City Bus Transit System had a long historical past of serving the city and stepped to the forefront with the arrest of Rosa Parks in 1955 and the subsequent year-long Montgomery Bus Boycott thereafter, which still didn't destroy the Transit System --- it took a political decision by Folmar to selectively ban certain ads on buses, namely an anti-death penalty ad, to dismantle the bus system. When Folmar was told that he couldn't ban the ad as discriminatory, he banned all ads, which saw advertising revenue plummet, a large portion of the Transit System's income. Within a couple of years, the traditional system of large buses and fixed routes and the historical Montgomery buses were abolished in favor of a demand system equal to a public taxi shuttle, which many citizens found unfair and troublesome for impromptu use, requiring 24-hour advance booking.

Race for Governor & Bad Timing

Folmar ran unsuccessfully for Governor in 1982 winning just over 40% of the vote. Folmar lost to George Wallace who was seeking an unprecedented fourth term. The election was noted as being the first truly competitive 2-party campaign in Alabama history due to strong Republican political gains on the national, state and local levels after a long history of state Democratic domination in Alabama. Afterward, he served as Chairman of the Alabama Republican Party from 1985-1989. With his high position in the party and with Ronald Reagan enjoying widespread popularity, Folmar could have sought the Republican gubernatorial nomination again in 1986, which instead went to Guy Hunt who was thought to be the Republican's "sacrificial lamb". The Democratic side featured two strong candidates, Bill Baxley & Charles Graddick. Graddick won the primary, but the Alabama Democratic Party argued that many Republicans had crossed-over and "illegally" voted for Graddick in the Democratic primary. However, Alabama had no party registration laws to restrict participation in either party primary by voters. Democratic party leaders successfully managed to have Graddick's win nullified in favor of Baxley. The resulting negative press led to a voter backlash against Democrats and Guy Hunt was subsequently elected the first Republican Alabama Governor since the post-Civil War Reconstruction period. Folmar later become State Chairman for George H. W. Bush's 1988 & 1992 US presidential campaigns. He is largely credited for helping guide the party back to legitimate status in the state. Since his unsuccessful bid against Wallace and subsequent state party leadership, of the four elected governors, three have been Republicans. A second Democrat was governor during the period. Lieutenant Governor Jim Folsom, Jr. served out the remainder of Hunt's term after he was convicted of misappropriating campaign contributions. Folsom was then defeated by former Governor Fob James, a Democrat turned Republican.


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William Aramony, American charity executive, died he was 84.

William Aramony was CEO of United Way of America for more than twenty years and helped build the organization into the largest charity in the United States.^[1] He retired in 1992 amid allegations of fraud and financial mismanagement, for which he was subsequently convicted and sentenced to prison.^[2]

^{(July 27, 1927 – November 11, 2011)}

William J. Aramony was born in Jewett City, Connecticut. His parents, Russell & Nazley Farrah Aramony, immigrated to the United States from Lebanon, and he was the youngest of their five children. He grew up in Worcester, Massachusetts, graduated from Clark University in 1949 and matriculated at the Boston College Graduate School of Social Work, where in 1951 he earned a master's degree.^[3][4] Aramony married the former Bebe Ann Nojeim, and the union produced three children, William, Susan and Robert.^[5] Son Robert was at one time president of Sales Service/America Inc., a for-profit subsidiary of UWA.^[6]
Aramony served in the Medical Service Corps of the United States Army, treating soldiers returning from the Korean War with posttraumatic stress disorder. He was assigned to a Texas military hospital from 1951 to 1953 as a lieutenant.^[5]

United Way career

Aramony began in 1954 as a staff planner for the South Bend, Indiana Community Chest. Four years later, he was hired as a local executive in Columbia, South Carolina, then Miami, Florida^[5] where he was known as a superb fund raiser and enthusiastic promoter for the charities he represented.^[7]
He was hired as CEO of the national governing body, the United Community Funds and Council of America (UCFCA)^[8] in 1970.^[4] He began an organizational makeover and the group was renamed, United Way of America (UWA), and moved from New York City to Alexandria, Virginia in 1971. A common stated purpose and standard name (United Way of ...) was established for local affiliates.
Next, he formed a partnership with the National Football League in 1973, whereby "players and coaches made public service announcements about their involvement with United Way chapters"^[9] which were broadcast during NFL games at no charge. "[T]hese associations brought widespread attention" to the United Way and in 1975, helped push donations above $1 billion for the first time.^[3][9]
Aramony helped develop a core strategy, which emphasizes an annual community-wide campaign in the Fall. United Way provides assistance to employers, who provide a payroll deduction option to encourage workers to contribute to United Way. Agencies that receive United Way funding agree not to solicit donations during the UW campaign.^[3]
He authored the book, "United Way: The Next Hundred Years" in 1987^[10] and created the minority roundtable which increased minority involvement in the organization. Over his career, he helped develop numerous United Way leaders.^[11]
Aramony was awarded the Silver Buffalo Award in 1988 by the National council of the Boy Scouts of America. It is presented for noteworthy and extraordinary service to youth on a national basis.^[12] During his tenure, United Way receipts rose from $787 million in 1970 to more than $3.1 billion in 1990.^[3][6]

Scandal begins

Aramony and his wife, Bebe were separated in 1988.^[5] In 1990, there were UWA office rumors about Aramony's liaisons with a teenage girlfriend on vacations in Paris, London and Cairo. An anonymous note on UWA letterhead was sent in late 1990 to UWA's chairman, Edward A. Brennan, who is the chairman of Sears, Roebuck & Company. The letter alleged that the charity was being looted by its president, who was romancing a young woman.
When Aramony was questioned about the allegations, he denied any wrongdoing. His divorce became final in 1991.^[5] Late that year, a source at the national office revealed that Aramony flew first class, sometimes on the Concorde, used chauffeur-driven town cars and alleged that he had lavished expensive gifts on friends.^[11] After receiving multiple requests for information from the media, the United Way of America's board of governors hired outside investigators in December, 1991. The auditors were instructed to review the books and examine accounting procedures within the agency. According to The Washington Post, their investigation "found sloppy record-keeping, inattention to detail, and accounting problems," but no direct "evidence that Aramony had enriched himself".^[13] In fact, all of Aramony's travel expenses were supposed to be reviewed before approval by the United Way's board of directors, whose chairman was Robert E. Allen, then the CEO of AT&T.^[14] The auditor's biggest criticism was that documentation was lacking to distinguish business expenditures from personal charges. The outrage from local United Way organizations across the country was overwhelming. Scores of offices disaffiliated themselves and/or discontinued their 1% "contribution" of dues to the national office.^[11][15]
During a teleconference on February 27, 1992, Aramony announced his retirement with full pension benefits as soon as a successor was chosen. Until then, he would continue to receive his $390,000 salary and $73,000 in other compensation. When Jay R. Smith, publisher of The Atlanta Journal-Constitution and an active volunteer at United Way of Atlanta asked Aramony if he felt that they were not owed an apology, Aramony said:

Well, Jay, you absolutely are. I do apologize for any problems that my lack of sensitivity to perceptions has caused this movement. I do it happily and gladly to you and everyone else. I would never do anything at all that hurt local United Ways, the mission or the people we serve.^[13]

The following day, after an avalanche of calls from local chapters demanding his ouster, Senior vice president Alan S. Cooper was named acting president.^[6]

Indictment

The Washington Post and Regardie’s magazine each wrote stories about Aramony, and the FBI, Internal Revenue Service, and United States Postal Service investigated.^[7] Later that year, Aramony was charged, along with CFO Thomas J. Merlo and Partnership Umbrella President Stephen J. Paulachak,^[4] in a 53-count Federal indictment charging that they had defrauded their organization of $1.2 million.^[11]

Other issues

A secondary issue that was not litigated was the alleged sexual harassment committed by William Aramony. He was accused of pressuring numerous office workers to have sex with him, though no such accusations were ever formally filed. According to the indictment, he propositioned female employees and offered the women "financial benefits if they had sex with him and transferred" or suppressed the careers of "those who rebuffed him."^[16] Aramony was never charged with, or convicted of, sexual harassment or misconduct.
Rina Duncan, Aramony's former secretary, testified that she had had an affair with Mr. Aramony beginning shortly after she was hired in 1982 and lasting until 1985. During trial, the court admitted testimony from several UWA female employees who testified that they had sexual relationships with Aramony and two UWA employees who rejected Aramony’s sexual advances in 1985.

Villasor sisters

When Lisa Villasor Thomas was 22, she met William Aramony on an airplane. He got her a job at UWA and their affair began in July, 1986. They traveled together to San Francisco, New York City and other locations for business. Everything was fine until he "met someone he liked even more: her kid sister."^[16]
Lori Villasor graduated from high school in Macclenny, Florida in 1986.^[17] She was unsure what to do with her life, so she accepted her older sister’s invitation to move to Alexandria, Virginia and share an apartment. Soon after meeting the 17-year-old Lori, the 59-year-old Aramony began pursuing her. Lisa Thomas, outraged, told Aramony that she "didn't want him contacting me or Lori at all".^[16]
Aramony arranged for a UWA subsidiary to purchase an expensive New York City condominium and furnished it lavishly with $459,000 Partnership Umbrella dollars.^[16] Aramony claimed that it was a better deal for UWA than the apartment that had been rented for almost 20 years.^[18] However, he also used it for his romantic trysts.^[17] Aramony was alleged to have siphoned thousands of charity dollars through Partnership Umbrella to spend on fancy meals, trips and gifts, to keep Villasor as his mistress.^[19]
Lori Villasor testified that she had received compensation of $27,500 for two consecutive years as a UWA employee for working on a real estate deal which actually required only "an hour or so" of her time.^[20] Aramony also flew Villasor and her younger sister LuAnn to Las Vegas as a graduation gift for LuAnn.^[19]
Rina Duncan, Aramony's assistant, stated that after Aramony began dating Villasor, "he would run up big bills for airplane flights and entertainment."^[20] Ms. Duncan admitted that she had altered Aramony's expense accounts for seven years by substituting the names of clients for Ms. Villasor's name and charging UWA for personal luxury items given to Ms. Villasor.^[20]
At one point, Villasor threatened to leave Aramony if Duncan continued to work for him. Time magazine notes that Aramony found a position "for Duncan at Partnership Umbrella, the U.W.A. spin-off company that he would use to fund his affair with Villasor."^[19]
According to court documents, Aramony was also seeing another UWA employee, Anita Terranova, between 1987 and 1991. Aramony purchased half ownership of a race horse, Stylish Affair, in Terranova’s name^[16] and was alleged to have spent $125,576.92 to purchase a Florida condominium for Terranova's use until her retirement in May 1991. He also allegedly gave $10,000 to Terranova to furnish the condominium.^[21]

Prosecution

On April 3, 1995, after a three-week trial, Mr. Aramony was convicted in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia on 23 counts including conspiracy to defraud, mail fraud, wire fraud, transportation of fraudulently acquired property, engaging in monetary transactions in unlawful activity, filing false tax returns and aiding in the filing of false tax returns.^[2] Money laundering charges were dismissed. He was sentenced to 84 months in prison, fined $300,000, and served time at the Federal Prison Camp at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, near Goldsboro, North Carolina.^[11]
Upon appeal, the $300,000 fine was vacated by the United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit based on Aramony's inability to pay.^[22] He was released from prison on September 28, 2001^[23] after six years of incarceration and was on probation for three additional years.
Aramony consistently denied any wrongdoing. He appealed his convictions and sentences; nearly all of his appeals were denied. "Aramony's lawyer says his client's judgment was impaired because of brain atrophy" and noted "that Aramony had a cancer that led to surgical castration" while he was seeing Lori Villasor.^[16] Lori Villasor ended her affair with Aramony in 1992.^[19]
While still incarcerated in 1996, Aramony filed a $5 million lawsuit against UWA, claiming he was denied earnings and retirement benefits that were due him.^[8] UWA counter-sued and a United States district court issued a split decision which both parties appealed. The Second Circuit Court of Appeals reversed a portion of the lower court's decision: United Way of America owed Aramony $2.4 million in pension benefits, less UWF's $2.02 million award against Aramony. After subtracting the amount Aramony owed UWA from the New York state attorney general's judgement against him, applicable income tax withholdings and attorney's fees, Aramony received $7,871.^[15]

Later Life and Death

Aramony married again in 2002 to Gail Manza. According to The New York Times, Aramony devoted a great deal of his time during the 2000s to an initiative for Middle East Jewish, Muslim and Christian communities to encourage fellowship, mediation services and visitor exchange.^[5]
He died in late 2011 at his son's Arlington, Virginia home. The cause of Aramony's death was bone cancer, which developed following prostate cancer in the early 1990s.^[5]

Publications

• The United Way: The Next Hundred Years, ISBN 1-55611-039-1, Dutton Adult, April 1987

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John Francis Donoghue, American Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Atlanta (1993–2004), died after short illness he was 83.

John Francis Donoghue  served as the as the second Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Charlotte and then as the fifth Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Atlanta in the United States of America.

(August 9, 1928 – November 11, 2011)

He was born and raised in Washington, D.C., the second of four brothers born to Irish immigrant parents, Daniel and Rose (née Ryan) Donoghue. On June 4, 1955, after receiving a Bachelor's Degree in Philosophy and a graduate degree in Sacred Theology from St. Mary's Seminary and University in Baltimore, Maryland and Roland Park, Maryland, and after ordination to the transitional diaconate, he was ordained to the priesthood for the presbyterate of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington, by the then-Archbishop of Washington, Patrick O'Boyle, who would be elevated to the Cardinalate. While originally planning to remain a parish priest, he was asked in 1964 to study for a Licentiate in Canon Law, and was then assigned to the Archbishop of Washington's Office (he did serve in a variety of parish assignments).^{[citation needed]}
For the next 18 years, he served on the staff under three successive Cardinal Archbishops of Washington: Cardinals Patrick O'Boyle (deceased), William Wakefield Baum, and James Aloysius Hickey (deceased). From 1972 until 1983, he also filled the offices of Chancellor and Vicar General for that Archdiocese; in 1984 he also became Moderator of the Archdiocesan Curia, serving in that capacity until his episcopal ordination.^[1] He was consecrated and installed as a Bishop on December 18, 1984, following his appointment by Pope John Paul II, as the second Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Charlotte.

In June 1993, he was appointed as the fifth Metropolitan Archbishop of Atlanta, Georgia by John Paul II, replacing the Most Reverend James P. Lyke, O.F.M., who had died of cancer on December 27, 1992, after only two years in office.^[2] He led the Archdiocese for over ten years. Donoghue retired as Archbishop on December 9, 2004, and was succeeded by Wilton D. Gregory, who had served as an Auxiliary Bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago.
Donoghue died, on November 11, 2011, aged 83.^[3] His body lay in state at the Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Jesus until his Funeral Mass at 11:00 AM on November 17 at the Cathedral of Christ the King.^[4]
Donoghue's episcopal motto was: "To Live In Christ Jesus".

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Kjell Johansson, Swedish table tennis player, died he was 65.

Kjell Johansson was a male former table tennis player from Sweden.^[1]

(5 October 1946 – 24 October 2011) 


From 1963 to 1977 he won several medals in singles, doubles, and team events in the European Table Tennis Championships and in the World Table Tennis Championships. He won the 1965 Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal.^[2] He was a native of Eskilstuna.
Johansson was called Hammaren, which means "The Hammer" in Swedish, because of his hard forehand.
Johansson died in Eksjö on 24 October 2011, aged 65, following a long illness.^[3]

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Morio Kita, Japanese novelist, essayist and psychiatrist, died he was 84.

Morio Kita (北 杜夫 Kita Morio^?) was the pen name of Sokichi Saitō , a Japanese novelist, essayist, and psychiatrist.^[1]
A graduate of Tohoku University's School of Medicine, Kita initially worked as a doctor at Keio University Hospital. Motivated by the collections of his father's poems and the books of German author Thomas Mann, he decided to become a novelist. He was the second son of poet Mokichi Saitō. Shigeta Saitō, his older brother, is also a psychiatrist. The essayist Yuka Saitō is his daughter.^[2][3]
He has suffered from manic–depressive disorder since his middle age.^[4]

( May 1, 1927 – October 24, 2011)

Awards

• 1960: Akutagawa Prize, for the novel, In The Corner Of Night And Fog, which was about Nacht und Nebel, the campaign in Nazi Germany to catch anti-Nazi activists and members of resistance movements)

Bibliography

Incomplete - to be updated

Novels

• Ghosts (1954)
• The House of Nire. Translated by Dennis Keene. New York: Kodansha International. 1984. ISBN 0-87011-592-8. Briefly noted in The New Yorker 60/48 (January 14, 1985): p. 117

Essays

• Papa wa Tanoshii Sōutubyō (work with Yuka Saitō, Asahi Shimbun Company, ISBN-13: 978-4022504999)

TV

• Nescafé Gold Blend CM (1974)
• Tetsuko no Heya (1980 and May 12, 2008 with Yuka Saitō)

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