Leonard G. “Bud” Lomell was a highly decorated former
United States Army Ranger who served in
World War II died from natural causes he was , 91. He is best known for his actions in the first hours of
D-Day at
Pointe du Hoc on the coast of
Normandy,
France. Pointe du Hoc was the site of the German Army’s largest coastal weapons, five 155-millimeter German guns with a 25-kilometer range that endangered the tens of thousands of troops landing on
Omaha Beach and
Utah Beach, and thousands of watercraft in the
English Channel supporting the Normandy invasion.
[1] Unbeknownst to the Allied intelligence, the Germans had concealed the guns in an orchard, but left them operational and ready to fire.
[1] Through skill, courage and “pure luck,” Lomell found and quickly disabled all five guns.
[2] Lomell was recognized by historian
Stephen Ambrose as the single individual — other than Gen.
Dwight D. Eisenhower — most responsible for the success of D-Day.
[3] Six months later, in the
Battle of Hürtgen Forest, he would again distinguish himself, earning a
Silver Star for his heroism and leadership as the
2nd Ranger Battalion captured and held
Hill 400. After the war he returned to
Ocean County, New Jersey, becoming a well-known attorney in
Toms River.
(January 22, 1920 – March 1, 2011)
Life before Normandy
According to journalist
Tom Brokaw, who devoted a chapter to Lomell in the “Heroes” section of his bestseller “The Greatest Generation,” Lomell “was the adopted son of Scandinavian immigrant parents who took him into their family as an infant in Brooklyn.”
[2] A few years later his parents, George G. Lomell and Pauline Peterson Lomell, moved to
Point Pleasant, New Jersey, where he graduated from
Point Pleasant Beach High School.
[3]
Lomell attended
Tennessee Wesleyan College, on an athletic scholarship and work program, where he was editor of the school newspaper and president of his fraternity.
[2] He graduated in 1941, then returned to New Jersey to work as a brakeman on a freight train before enlisting in the Army.
[2] While working in New Jersey he met his future wife, Charlotte Ewart, then training as a nurse.
[2] Lomell entered the Army in 1942 and initially served with the
76th Infantry Division, before volunteering for the Rangers.
[3]
D-Day morning
The initial mission of companies D, E and F of the
2nd Ranger Battalion was one of the most difficult of the entire invasion – scaling sheer cliffs at Pointe du Hoc, seizing control of its massively reinforced fortifications, and disabling five 155-millimeter cannons that allied intelligence reported had been emplaced there. Their landing was scheduled to coincide with the first landings on Omaha Beach.
At 24, First Sergeant Lomell was the acting commander for the Battalion’s D Company.
[4] Due to heavy seas and the fog of battle, Lomell’s landing craft arrived thirty-five minutes late, away from its mark, and lost any element of surprise.
[1] Those who made it down the ramp or over the side had to swim inland about 20 feet.
[5] As Lomell was bringing in a box of rope and a hand-projector rocket, he was wounded in the side by a machine-gun bullet, but reached shore without pausing.
[5] First Sergeant Lomell reached the top of the cliff through the use of two ladders, and along with eleven other men from his landing craft, moved off of the edge of the cliff.
[5]
D Company’s specific objectives were to take the three western gun emplacements, and to then assemble to the south edge of the fortified area to control the coastal road (so as to prevent German reinforcements from reaching the Omaha Beach area from the west).
[5] Aerial and naval bombardment of the Pointe du Hoc area, designed to destroy the guns, and their defenses and defenders, had turned the landscape into a moonscape of craters.
[1]
However, as the Army’s official account of the battle later stated, “one party after another reached its allotted emplacement, to make the same discovery … there was no sign of the guns or of artillery equipment. Evidently, the 155's had been removed from the Point before the period of major bombardments.”
[5]
The Hollywood account of the conquest of Pointe du Hoc, as presented in
Darryl F. Zanuck's movie "
The Longest Day," ends there,
[6] overlooking the successes that were soon to come.
After 1st Sgt Lomell’s company took up positions along both edges of the coastal highway to prepare for the expected German reinforcements, Lomell and Staff Sergeant Jack K. Kuhn formed a patrol to head south down a double-hedgerowed lane.
[5] Lomell saw markings in this sunken road that looked like something heavy had been over it.
[7]
Lomell and Kuhn found five of the missing 155’s, concealed under camouflage in an orchard.
[8] In Lomell’s words, “it was pure luck.”
[7] The guns had been placed in a position to fire toward Utah Beach and were capable of being switched for use against Omaha Beach.
[5] With S/Sgt Kuhn covering him against possible defenders, First Sergeant Lomell went into the battery and set off silent
thermite grenades in the mechanisms of two guns.
[8] Because the thermite grenades melted their gears in a moment, they effectively disabled them.
[7] After bashing in a third gun’s gunsights, Lomell went back for more grenades.
[5]
The official U.S. Army account of the episode reported that members of E Company “finished off the job” while Lomell was retrieving more thermite grenades from other members of his own company.
[5] Although E Company indisputably destroyed the ammunition cache set aside for the 155’s, more recent accounts of the episode give Lomell, and not E Company, the credit for disabling the rest of the guns.
[1][2][7] When the Pointe was taken, guns were disabled and coastal road was taken, the Second Battalion became the first unit to accomplish its D-Day mission, and did so before 9:00 a.m.
[1]
The Battalion would successfully defend its victories for the next few days before it was finally relieved. Of the 225 Rangers who disembarked with 1st Sgt Lomell, only 90 were left standing at the end of the battle.
[4]
Hürtgen Forest: the capture of Hill 400
In the
Battle of Hürtgen Forest (near the
Roer River in Northwestern Germany), Lomell's actions in the capture of "Castle Hill," otherwise known as
Hill 400, earned him a Silver Star.
[9]
On December 7, 1944, companies of the Second Ranger Battalion were ordered to attack Hill 400, a commanding battlefield position that four divisions of the
First Army had tried and failed to take.
[10] The Rangers caught the Germans by surprise,
[10] but early in the battle the commanding officers of each company were wounded or captured, and the Rangers were soon outnumbered ten to one.
[9][10] Lomell — now a second lieutenant following a battlefield commission
[2] — then took charge, representing the entire command structure on the crest of the hill.
[9] Lomell personally attacked a German weapons shelter on the newly conquered hilltop, driving the surviving enemy to surrender.
[9] As military historian Charles B. MacDonald would later write, “so swiftly did the Rangers move that the Germans were thoroughly cowed,” so that “by 0835 the two companies had taken twenty-eight prisoners and held the crest.”.
[11] Before the day was over the Germans would counterattack five times.
[10] Lomell was awarded the Silver Star at a ceremony in Toms River NJ on November 9, 2007 for his heroism at Hill 400. As Lomell's Silver Star citation would later state, “conspicuously leading from the front, Lomell directed the successful defense of the hilltop in the face of a nearly overwhelming German counterattack at midday. During the German bombardment that preceded the attack, Lomell suffered a head concussion and shrapnel wound in his left arm rendering it useless. Refusing shelter and, at risk of his life with blood oozing from his ears, nose and mouth, firing his machine gun cradled in his bandaged left arm with his right hand, he continued to lead his men against another ruthless German assault throughout the entire afternoon.”
[9] According to MacDonald, “by 1600 the Rangers had only twenty-five men left,″ but with precision artillery support, Lomell and the other twenty-four held out long enough to be relieved.
[11]
Military historians praised not only Lomell's courage on Hill 400, but also his judgment under fire. In a comprehensive history of the U.S. Rangers, Thomas Taylor lauded Lomell's "brilliant defense of the hill top," especially his decision to send out patrols immediately after taking the crest of the hill.
[12]"Too weak to hold everywhere, Lomell had to learn where the Germans were building to attack. . . . He boldly sent out two-man recon patrols to check out likely enemy assembly areas down hill. These crafty patrols were eminently successful, so Lomell was able to meet each thrust with what little strength he had." As a result, Taylor wrote, "Hill 400 was saved by brains and bravery at the junior level."
[12]
Lomell would soon be wounded a third time, in the
Battle of the Bulge.
[3] He was honorably discharged in December 1945, four months after
VJ Day and eight months after
VE Day.
[3]
After the war
Lomell returned to New Jersey in 1945, and married Charlotte on the second anniversary of D-Day.
[2] He enrolled in law school at
LaSalle University and
Rutgers University, passing the bar in 1951.
[2] He was the founder and senior member of the law firm of Lomell, Muccifori, Adler, Ravaschiere & Amabile, subsequently known as the Lomell Law Firm.
[3] He retired from the practice of law in the mid-1980s but, as of 1998, continued to go to the law offices several times a week.
[2]
In business, Lomell was a director of The First National Bank of Toms River and a director and vice-president of Statewide Bancorp. He was a director of the South Jersey Title Insurance Co., Atlantic City. Among his civic activities, he was a member of the Dover Township Board of Education; president of the Garden State Philharmonic Symphony Society; chairman of the Dover Township Juvenile Conference Committee; a member of the Community Memorial Hospital building committee; and a director of the Ocean County Historical Society. Lomell was a member of Christ Church, Episcopal, and served on its board, and as president of its Men's Club and legal counsel.
[3] He served as an Ocean County College Foundation trustee.
[13]
Leonard and Charlotte were the parents of three adult daughters.
[3]
Interviews with Lomell are a common element of television and radio programs about D-Day.
[14]
He died of natural causes on March 1, 2011 at 91 years old.
[15]
Honors
For his actions in disabling the Pointe du Hoc guns, Lomell received the U.S. Army's
Distinguished Service Cross[16] the British
Military Medal,
[17] and the French
Légion d'honneur.
[3] In addition to his Silver Star, Lomell also received a
Bronze Star. In 1994 he was inducted into the Ranger Hall of Fame.
[18]
On December 4, 1999, the Borough of Point Pleasant Beach dedicated a monument to Len Lomell at the Veterans Park on Arnold Avenue.
[19] The Monument has a replica of the grapnal hook used by the Rangers at Pointe Du Hoc, which was given by the residents of
Grandcamp-Maisy, France, along with a plaque detailing the contribution that Lomell made during the war effort.
In 2007, Lomell received an honorary Doctor of Humanities degree from
Monmouth University.
[3]
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Irena Kwiatkowska was a popular Polish actress, known in Poland for her many cabaret roles and monologues, as well as appearances in (mostly comedy) movies and television shows died she was , 98..
Kwiatkowska graduated from the Państwowy Instytut Sztuki Teatralnej (National Theatrical Arts Institute) in 1935. Until the outbreak of the World War II, she appeared in the Teatr Powszechny in Warsaw, Teatr Nowy in Poznań, Teatr Polski in Katowice, and in Wilno. During the War, she fought in the Armia Krajowa and participated in the Warsaw Uprising.
