4 February 1915 – 4 October 2010)
Wisdom later forged a career on Broadway and as a television actor, winning critical acclaim for his dramatic role of a dying cancer patient in the television play Going Gently in 1981. It was broadcast on 5 June that year. He toured Australia and South Africa.[3] After the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, a hospice was named in his honour.[4] In 1995 he was given the Freedom of the City of London and of Tirana.[4] The same year he received an OBE.[4] Wisdom was knighted in 2000 and spent much of his later life on the Isle of Man. Some of his later appearances included roles in Last of the Summer Wine and Coronation Street,[4] and he retired from acting at the age of 90 after his health declined.
Early and personal life
Norman Joseph Wisdom was born in the Marylebone district of London. His parents were Frederick, a chauffeur, and Maud Wisdom (née Targett), a dressmaker who often worked for West End theatres. The couple married in Marylebone on 15 July 1912.[6] Wisdom had an elder brother, Frederick Thomas "Fred" Wisdom (13 December 1912 – 1 July 1971). The family resided at 91 Fernhead Road, London W9, where they slept in one room.[7]Wisdom was married twice. His first wife was Doreen Brett, whom he married in 1941 and with whom he had one son, Michael, born in 1945;[8] the marriage was dissolved in 1946.[9] He married his second wife, Freda Isobel Simpson, a dancer, in 1947; they had two children: Nicholas (born 1953, who later played first-class cricket for Sussex) and Jacqueline (born 1954). The couple divorced in 1969[10] and Wisdom was granted full custody of the children.[11] Freda Wisdom died in Brighton in 1992.[12]
Wisdom was a lifelong supporter and a former board member of football team Brighton and Hove Albion. However he also liked Everton and Newcastle United.[13] He enjoyed golf[14] and was a member of the Grand Order of Water Rats. Popular in the Isle of Man, he lived for 27 years in a house in Andreas named Ballalough (Manx language for "place of the lake", though really a humorous corruption of the English "belly laugh"). He was an Honorary Member of the Winkle Club, a famous charity in Hastings, East Sussex.[15]
A lover of cars, he owned a 1987 Rolls-Royce Silver Spirit and a Jaguar S-Type, until his age and declining mental health meant he failed a Department of Transport fitness-to-drive test and they were sold in September 2005. A supporter of various charities including Mencap, in 2005 Wisdom starred in a video for the Manx girl group Twisted Angels, for their single "LA", in support of the local charity Project 21.[16]
During the 1960s he was involved in a famous legal case (Wisdom v Chamberlain ) in which he was pursued by the Inland Revenue for tax on profits made from the sale of silver bullion he had bought as he was concerned about the further devaluation of sterling. He had contended that it was an investment but the court held that it had been a trading venture and was duly chargeable to income tax.[17]
Armed forces
Norman Wisdom | |
---|---|
4 February 1915 – 4 October 2010 (aged 95) | |
Place of birth | London, United Kingdom |
Place of death | Ballasalla, Isle of Man |
Allegiance | United Kingdom |
Service/branch | Merchant Navy British Army |
Years of service | 1930–46 |
Unit | 10th Royal Hussars Royal Corps of Signals |
Battles/wars | World War II |
Other work | Actor |
World War II
At the outbreak of World War II Wisdom was sent to work in a communications centre in a command bunker in London where he connected telephone calls from war leaders to the prime minister. He met Winston Churchill on several occasions when asked for updates on incoming calls and once was disciplined for calling him Winnie.[7] He then joined the Royal Corps of Signals and performed a similar function with a military unit based in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire. After Wisdom appeared at a charity concert at the Cheltenham Town Hall actor Rex Harrison came backstage and urged him to become a professional entertainer.[20]Theatre
Leaving the army in 1946, Wisdom made his debut as a professional entertainer at the age of 31 and his rise to the top was phenomenally fast. Initially the straight man to the magician David Nixon,[5] he had already adopted the costume that would remain his trademark: tweed flat cap askew, with peak turned up; a suit at least two sizes too tight; a crumpled collar and a mangled tie. The character that went with this costume—known as "the Gump"—was to dominate Wisdom's film career.A West End star within two years, he made his TV debut the same year and was soon commanding enormous audiences. Charlie Chaplin called Wisdom his "favourite clown".[5]
Film career
Wisdom made a series of low-budget star-vehicle comedies for the Rank Organisation, beginning with Trouble in Store in 1953.[21] This film earned him a BAFTA Award for Most Promising Newcomer to Film in 1954.[22]Their cheerful, unpretentious appeal make them the direct descendants of the films made a generation earlier by George Formby.[23] Never highly thought of by the critics, they were very popular with domestic audiences and Wisdom's films were among Britain's biggest box office successes of their day, and were successful in some unlikely overseas markets, helping Rank stay afloat financially when their more expensive film projects were unsuccessful.
The films usually involved the Gump character, Norman Pitkin, in a manual occupation in which he is barely competent and in a junior position to a straight man, often played by Edward Chapman (as Mr Grimsdale) or Jerry Desmonde. They benefited from Wisdom's capacity for physical slapstick comedy and his skill at creating a sense of the character's helplessness. The series often contained a romantic subplot; the Gump's inevitable awkwardness with women is a characteristic shared with the earlier Formby vehicles but in which his innocent incompetence made him endearing to the heroine.
Despite a move to filming in colour, by the mid-1960s Wisdom's commercial film appeal was in eclipse. The obvious incongruity of a fifty-year old man playing the prime minister's grandson in Press for Time (1966) counted against him; Wisdom's age was inaccurately reported for many years.
Later career
In 1966, Wisdom went to the United States to star in a Broadway production of the James Van Heusen and Sammy Cahn musical comedy Walking Happy. His performance was nominated for a Tony Award.On 31 December 1976, Wisdom performed his theme song "Don't Laugh At Me (Cause I'm a Fool)" on BBC1's A Jubilee of Music, celebrating British pop music for Queen Elizabeth II's impending Silver Jubilee.[24] Wisdom had performed in front of the Queen at many Royal Command Performances, the first being in 1952.[25]
He also completed his first American film as a vaudeville comic in The Night They Raided Minsky's. After a typical performance on the Ed Sullivan Show,[5] further US opportunities were denied him when he had to return to London after his second wife left him. His subsequent career was largely confined to television and he toured the world with his successful cabaret act. He won critical acclaim in 1981 for his dramatic role of a dying cancer patient in the television play Going Gently.
On 11 February 1987 Wisdom was the subject of Thames Television's This Is Your Life for the second time. He became prominent again in the 1990s, helped by the young comedian Lee Evans, whose act was often compared to Wisdom's work.[26] His classic Rank films were playing to new audiences on television screens and DVD, with a growing number of new young fans in the United Kingdom and abroad. The highpoint of this new popularity was the knighthood he was awarded, for services to entertainment, in the 2000 new year's honours list.[27] During the ceremony, once he had received his knighthood, he walked away and again performed his trademark trip which the Queen smiled and laughed at.[28]
From 1995 until 2004 he appeared in the recurring role of Billy Ingleton in the long-running BBC comedy Last of the Summer Wine. The role was originally a one-off appearance, but proved so popular that he returned as the character on a number of occasions. In 1996, he became recipient of a Special Achievement Award from the London Film Critics.[29]
Wisdom was a guest on a This Is Your Life special in the year 2000 for actor and director Todd Carty. He appeared as a half-time guest at the England vs Albania 2002 World Cup qualifier at St James' Park, Newcastle upon Tyne, and scored a penalty at the Leazes End.[30]
In 2002 Wisdom filmed a small role as Winston the butler in the film Alone in the Dark, although this was not released until 2008 under the title Evil Calls: The Raven. In 2004, he made a cameo appearance in Coronation Street playing fitness fanatic pensioner Ernie Crabbe. In 2007 he came out of retirement to take a role in a short film called Expresso.[31]
Popularity in Albania
Wisdom was a cult figure in Albania, where he was one of the few Western actors whose films were allowed in the country during the dictatorship of Enver Hoxha. He was known as "Mr Pitkin" after the character from his films. In 1995, he visited the post-Stalinist country where, to his surprise, he was greeted by many appreciative fans including the then President of Albania, Sali Berisha. During this trip, Wisdom was also filmed by Newsnight visiting a children's project funded by ChildHope UK.[32] On a visit in 2001, which coincided with the England football team playing Albania in the city of Tirana (of which Wisdom was granted the freedom in 1995),[33][34] his presence at the training ground eclipsed even that of David Beckham. He appeared on the pitch before the start of the Albania v England match wearing a half Albanian and half English football shirt. He was well-received by the crowd, especially when he performed one of his trademark trips on his way out to the centre circle.[35]In his book and TV series One Hit Wonderland, Tony Hawks united with Wisdom and, along with Sir Tim Rice, released a single, "Big In Albania", in an attempt to enter the Albanian pop charts. It reached Number 18 on the Top Albania Radio chart.[36]
Songwriting
Whilst Norman's stage performances often involved musical numbers, few of them were penned by him. He has seven songs attributed to him in the ASCAP database, which were: Beware, Don't Laugh at Me (Cause I'm a Fool), Falling in Love, Follow a Star, I Love You, Please Opportunity, and Up in the World.[37]After his death some confusion was caused by an unsubstantiated Wikipedia claim that he provided lyrics for the song popular during the Second World War, (There'll Be Bluebirds Over) The White Cliffs of Dover (actually written by Walter Kent and Nat Burton). Three British newspapers reported this supposed fact:[38] The Guardian[39], The Independent,[40] and The Daily Mirror.[41] All three publications later retracted this, The Guardian issued an apology,[42] although The Independent and the The Daily Mirror merely changed the text of their webpages without any indication of the error[citation needed]. The Guardian also retracted that "he was nominated for an Oscar for The Night They Raided Minsky's",[42] whilst The Daily Mirror retains this attribution (item 6 of their "10 Things you need to know..")[41]
Retirement
Wisdom announced his retirement from the entertainment industry on his 90th birthday (4 February 2005). He announced that he intended to spend more time with his family, playing golf and driving around the Isle of Man, where he was living.[14]In 2007, he made a singular return to acting in a feature film directed by Kevin Powis, Expresso. The film, which Wisdom later announced (reported BBC/ITV News) was to be officially his last film role, is set during one day in a coffee shop and was funded by the UK Film Council and ScreenWM. Shot in January, it premièred at the Cannes Film Festival on 27 May 2007. It was later adopted by the UK charity Macmillan and released on DVD in aid of the charity. In the film Wisdom plays a vicar plagued by a fly in a café. Producer Nigel Martin Davey gave him only a visual role so he would not have to remember any lines, but on the day Wisdom was alert and had his performance changed to add more laughs.[43]
Health decline
In mid-2006, after he suffered an irregular heart rhythm, Wisdom was flown by helicopter to hospital in Liverpool and after a few days was fitted with a heart pacemaker.[44]In August 2007, newspapers of the Daily Mail group and the Isle of Man Newspapers reported that Wisdom was in the Abbotswood nursing home in Ballasalla, where he had been resident from 12 July 2007.[45]
On the release of Expresso to DVD in the same month, BBC News confirmed that Wisdom lived in a care home, due to his suffering from vascular dementia.[43] It was also reported that he had granted his children power of attorney over his affairs and having sold off his flat in Epsom, Surrey, they were now in the process of selling his Isle of Man home to raise money to fund his longer term care.[46]
In an exclusive interview on 27 August 2007 with the News of the World, journalists were given access to Wisdom's room at the home. He claimed to be happy and content in a routine which his family and carers considered kept him safe in spite of the memory losses associated with his condition.[47]
On 16 January 2008,[48] BBC2 aired Wonderland: The Secret Life Of Norman Wisdom Aged 92 and 3/4,[49] a documentary highlighting the dilemma of coping with an ageing parent. In a spoken trailer on BBC Radio 5 Live for the programme and in later publicity interviews undertaken by his family, it was stated that Wisdom's memory loss had become so severe that he no longer recognised himself in his own films.[50]
Premature obituary
On 28 December 2008, Sky News announced that Wisdom had died, running a pre-recorded obituary, both as part of its rolling broadcast coverage and on its website. Shortly afterwards, when it became apparent that other news sites were not carrying the story, Sky dropped the story, stating that it had been published in error in response to e-mail queries.[51]Death
According to his publicist, Phil Day, "I have never met anyone in the profession who didn't like him, right up to royalty".[39]
His funeral took place on 22 October 2010 in Douglas, Isle of Man and all of the Isle of Man were invited.[53][54] His well known cloth cap was placed on the coffin in the church.[54]
Tributes and other references
- In 2007, a Norman Wisdom-themed bar opened at the Sefton Hotel, Douglas, called Sir Norman's. It has stills from his many films on the walls and TV screens playing some of his old films. The bronze statue of Wisdom, which used to be on a bench outside Douglas Town Hall, has been moved to the steps leading into the bar.[citation needed]
- In September 1991 a French speaker in an agriculture committee in the European Communities called for the communities to show "la sagesse des Normands", which was translated into English as calling for Norman Wisdom to sort out Europe's problems.[55]
Filmography
- A Date with a Dream (1948)
- Wit and Wisdom (1948–50, TV)
- Trouble in Store (1953)
- One Good Turn (1954)
- As Long as They're Happy (1955) (cameo)
- Man of the Moment (1955)
- Up in the World (1956)
- Just My Luck (1957)
- The Square Peg (1958)
- Follow a Star (1959)
- There Was a Crooked Man (1960)
- The Bulldog Breed (1960)
- On the Beat (1962)
- The Girl on the Boat (1962)
- A Stitch in Time (1963)
- The Early Bird (1965)
- The Sandwich Man (1966)
- Press for Time (1966)
- Androcles and the Lion (1967, TV)
- The Night They Raided Minsky's (1968)
- What's Good for the Goose (1969)
- Norman (1970, TV)
- Music Hall (1970, TV)
- Nobody Is Norman Wisdom (1973, TV)
- A Little Bit of Wisdom (1974, TV)
- BBC Playhouse: "Going Gently" (1981, TV)
- BBC Bergerac: "Almost Like a Holiday" (1983, TV)
- The 1950s: Music, Memories & Milestones (1988, TV)
- Double X: The Name of the Game (Double X, Run Rabbit Run) (1992)
- Last of the Summer Wine (1995-2004)
- Where on Earth Is ... Katy Manning (1998, TV)
- Casualty episode "She Loved the Rain" (1998, TV)
- Junfans Attic (2001)
- Dalziel and Pascoe episode "Mens Sana" (2002, TV)
- Coronation Street (2004, TV)
- Five Children and It (2004) Played Nesbitt.
- Last of the Summer Wine episode "Variations on a Theme of the Widow Winstanley" (2004, TV)
- Expresso (2007) [www.expressofilm.com]
- Evil Calls: The Raven (filmed pre-2007 released (2008))
- Wonderland: The Secret Life Of Norman Wisdom Aged 92 and 3/4 (2008, TV) (his last appearance)
Audio recordings
- I Would Like to Put on Record
- Jingle Jangle
- The Very Best of Norman Wisdom
- Androcles and the Lion
- Where's Charley?
- Wisdom of a Fool
- Nobody's Fool
- Follow a Star
- 1957 Original Chart Hits
- Follow a Star/Give Me a Night in June
- Happy Ending/The Wisdom Of A Fool
- Big in Albania – One Hit Wonderland
Books
- Lucky Little Devil:Norman Wisdom on the Island He's Made His Home (2004)
- Norman Wisdom, William Hall (2003). My Turn. Arrow Books. ISBN 978-0099446767.
- Don't Laugh At Me, Cos I'm a Fool (1992) (two volumes of autobiography)
- Trouble in Store (1991)
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