Sir Paul Alfred Reeves, ONZ, GCMG, GCVO, CF, QSO was Archbishop and Primate of New Zealand from 1980 to 1985 and the 15th Governor-General of New Zealand from 22 November 1985 to 20 November 1990 died from cancer he was , 78. He was the first Chancellor of Auckland University of Technology.
(6 December 1932 – 14 August 2011)
Education
Reeves was born in Wellington in 1932 to D'arcy and Hilda (Pirihira) Reeves, who had moved from Waipawa to Newtown, a working-class suburb of Wellington. Hilda was Māori and of the Te Āti Awa iwi; D'arcy was pakeha and a tram driver, he died in 1950 aged 52.He was educated at Wellington College and at Victoria College, University of New Zealand (now the Victoria University of Wellington), where he graduated a BA in 1955 and an MA in 1956. He went on to study for ordination in the Church of the Province of New Zealand at St John's College, Auckland, receiving his Licentiate in Theology in 1958.
Ministry as deacon and priest
Reeves was ordained deacon in 1958. After serving a brief curacy at Tokoroa, he spent the period 1959–64 in England. From 1959 until 1961 he was an Advanced Student at St Peter's College, Oxford (BA 1961, MA 1965) as well as Assistant Curate at the University Church of St Mary the Virgin. He was ordained priest in 1960. He served two further curacies in England, first at Kirkley St Peter (1961–63), then at Lewisham St Mary (1963–64).Returning to New Zealand, Reeves was Vicar of Okato St Paul (1964–66), Lecturer in Church History at St John's College, Auckland (1966–69), and Director of Christian Education for the Anglican Diocese of Auckland (1969–71).
Ministry as bishop, archbishop, and primate
In 1971 Reeves was appointed Bishop of Waiapu and consecrated to the episcopate. He was Bishop of Auckland 1979–85 and Archbishop and Primate of New Zealand 1980–85.Involvement in politics
During this time he also served as chairman of the Environmental Council (1974–76); he was a supporter of Citizens for Rowling (the campaign for the re-election of Labour Prime Minister Bill Rowling); and he served as president of the National Council of Churches in New Zealand (1984–85).New Zealand republic
In 2004 Reeves made a statement in support of New Zealand republic, stating in an interview, "...if renouncing knighthoods was a prerequisite to being a citizen of a republic, I think it would be worth it."[1]Governor-General
Appointment
On the advice of Prime Minister David Lange, Queen Elizabeth II appointed Reeves the 15th Governor-General of New Zealand on 22 November 1985. His appointment was met with some scepticism due to his previous political involvement in Citizens for Rowling, opposing the 1981 Springbok Tour, and the fact that he was an Anglican bishop. The Leader of the Opposition, Jim McLay opposed the appointment on these grounds,[2] stating "How can an ordained priest fulfil that [constitutional] role?" However, many Māori groups welcomed the appointment, with Sir James Henare arguing that "It must be a fruit of the Treaty of Waitangi to see a person from our people."[2] He was the first (and up to the present the only) cleric to hold the post. Moreover, as a member of the Puketapu hapū of the Te Atiawa of Taranaki, he was the first governor-general to be at least partially of Māori descent (although not the first to be fluent in the Māori language).Tenure
Reeves remained in office until 20 November 1990. He was succeeded by Dame Catherine Tizard.
Controversies
During Reeves' tenure, the Fourth Labour Government made radical changes to the New Zealand economy, later known as Rogernomics. In November 1987 Reeves made comments critical of Rogernomics, stating that the reforms were creating "an increasingly stratified society".[2] He was rebuked for these comments by Lange, but later stated in May 1988 "...the spirit of the market steals life from the vulnerable but the spirit of God gives life to all".[2] Reeves later recalled that this marked a "parting of ways" with the Government.[2]He also recalled "I had a little sense of being left alone and felt that I needed to be taken into the loop more, or be taken seriously."[3] Reeves wrote to the Queen, but did not receive replies directly from the Queen. He said "I used to write to the Queen and express my opinion about this and that going on it [sic] the country and I wouldn't get a direct reply from her but I would always get a lengthy reply from her private secretary, which I took was expressing her viewpoint."[3]
On a state visit to Vanuatu in 1989, Reeves was invited to kill a pig at a ceremony, creating controversy as he was patron of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.[2]
Retirement
After his retirement from the vice-regal office Reeves became the Anglican Consultative Council Observer at the United Nations in New York (1991–93) and Assistant Bishop of New York (1991–94). From 1994 until 1995 he served briefly as Dean of Te Whare Wānanga o Te Rau Kahikatea (the theological college of Te Pihopatanga o Aotearoa, and a constituent member of St John's College, Auckland). He was also Deputy Leader of the Commonwealth Observer group to South Africa, Chair of the Nelson Mandela Trust, and Visiting Montague Burton Professor of International Relations at the University of Edinburgh.Reeves went on to chair the Fiji Constitution Review Commission from 1995 until 1997, culminating in Fiji's readmission to the Commonwealth, until its suspension in 2000. On 12 December 2007 it was reported that Reeves was involved with "secret talks" to resolve Fiji's year-long political crisis, following the 2006 Fijian coup d'état.[4]
He served as the inaugural Chancellor of the Auckland University of Technology, from its creation in 2000 until 2011.
In July 2011, Reeves announced that he had been diagnosed with cancer, and therefore was retiring from all public responsibilities.[5] He died of the cancer August 2011, aged 78.[6]
Honours and other awards
Reeves was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal (1977), he was appointed a Chaplain of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem in April 1982,[7] Knight Bachelor in the New Zealand Birthday Honours 1985, a Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of St Michael and St George on 6 November 1985, a Knight of Justice of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem in 1986,[8] and a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order on 2 March 1986.[9] In 1990 he became a Companion of the Queen's Service Order. Reeves was also made a Companion of the Order of Fiji.There was some concern regarding Reeves' using the title Sir, as members of the clergy in the Church of England do not usually receive this title when knighted, and the same rule presumably applied to the Anglican Church in New Zealand. To avoid placing the Queen in an awkward situation (Governors General would by tradition be knighted by her in person at Buckingham Palace), the Prime Minister of the time, David Lange, made Reeves a Knight Bachelor before meeting her. Consequently, when Reeves went to receive the GCMG from the Queen, he was already Sir Paul.
On Waitangi Day 2007 he was awarded New Zealand's highest honour, being admitted to the Order of New Zealand.[10]
The University of Oxford conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Civil Law in 1985 and his college, St Peter's, appointed him an Honorary Fellow in 1981 and a Trustee in 1994. A Fellowship of St John's College, Auckland followed in 1989. He has received other honorary degrees, including an LLD of Victoria University of Wellington (1989), a DD of the General Theological Seminary, New York (1992), and the degree of Doctor Honoris Causa of the University of Edinburgh (1994).
Changes to the rules in 2006 allowed him to use the style The Honourable for life.[11]
Arms
Arms of Paul Reeves
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| Notes |
The arms of Paul Reeves consist of:
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| Crest |
Upon a helm with a wreath Argent and
Azure a circlet of the Maori poutama stepped pattern, stantant thereon a
tui or parson bird (Prosthemadera novaseelandiae) Proper holding aloft
in its dexter claw three feathers Argent their quills crossing in base.
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| Escutcheon |
Per pale and per chevron embowed and
enhanced Argent and Azure, three mitres (two and one) the infulae
adorned with the Maori pitau kowhaiwhai pattern and three estoiles (one
and two) all Counterchanged, in the fess point a royal crown and cap of
estate Proper.
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| Supporters |
On the dexter a brown kiwi (Apteryx
australis) and sinister a kotuku or white heron (Egretta alba) beaks
downward Proper each gorged with an ancient crown and supporting with
the interior foot crozier Gold with the shaft adorned with the Maori
pitau kowhaiwhai pattern Proper.
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| Compartment |
A grassy mount with fern fronds growing therefrom Proper.
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| Motto |
Whakarongo (Listen)
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